金属物证检验及其在法庭科学领域中的应用  

Metal Evidence Examination and Its Application in Forensic Science

作　　者：周正 李光耀 孙振文 刘占芳 张冠男 李亚军 郑继利 李鹏 朱军 蔡金 ZHOU Zheng;LI Guangyao;SUN Zhenwen;LIU Zhanfang;ZHANG Guannan;LI Yajun;ZHENG Jili;LI Peng;ZHU Jun;CAI Jin(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China;Material Evidence Authentication and Research Center of Dezhou Public Security Bureau,Dezhou 253000,Shandong,China;Criminal Investigation Division of Zunyi Public Security Bureau,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038 [2]德州市公安局物证鉴定研究中心,山东德州253000 [3]遵义市公安局刑事技术处,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《刑事技术》2024年第3期304-312,共9页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2020JB013)。

摘　　要：金属物证在法庭科学领域的应用由来已久,其检验通常归于微量物证的检验范畴。金属物证通常以金属颗粒、附着物或熔融态出现在杀人、盗窃、枪击、电气火灾等多种类型的案事件中,检验方法通常包括扫描电镜–能谱法、金相检验法、X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法等多种方法。通过金属物证的检验,可以起到确定案事件性质、提供侦查线索以及完善证据链的作用。本文通过对近年来国内法庭科学领域金属物证检验文献进行提取,以知识图谱分析工具VOSviewer进行分析,就金属物证的多种检验方法进行综述,了解其在法庭科学领域的应用现状,旨在为涉案金属物证的提取和检验提供借鉴作用。Metal evidence has been used in the field of forensic science for a long time,where it is commonly categorized as trace evidence and subject to rigorous testing.This type of evidence is frequently encountered in a diverse range of cases,including murder,theft,shootings and electrical fires.It can manifest as metal particles,attachments,or even in a molten state.The methods commonly employed in the analysis of metal evidence include scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry,metallography examination,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,among others.The examination of metal evidence serves multiple purposes,such as unraveling the nature of the case,offering valuable investigative leads,and enhancing the integrity of the evidence chain.In this study,we focus on extracting and analyzing the recent literature pertaining to metal evidence examination in the field of forensic science in China.By using the knowledge graph analysis tool VOSviewer,various metal evidence examination methods are summarized to understand their application status in the field of forensic science,aiming to provide reference for the extraction and examination of metal evidence involved in the cases.

关 键 词：法庭科学 微量物证 金属物证 扫描电镜–能谱法 金相法 X射线荧光光谱法 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 

分 类 号：D918.9[政治法律—法学]