松嫩平原黑土区畜禽粪肥质量评价  

Quality evaluation of livestock and poultry manure in black soil area of Songnen Plain

作　　者：谢昊天 魏玉杰[1] 易层 赵竹青[1] 刘新伟[1] XIE Haotian;WEI Yujie;YI Ceng;ZHAO Zhuqing;LIU Xinwei(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2024年第2期181-190,共10页Soils and Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1500703)。

摘　　要：明确松嫩平原黑土区畜禽粪肥品质差异,可为其质量提升及合理施用提供理论依据。本研究于黑龙江省松嫩平原黑土区采集猪粪、牛粪、羊粪和鸡粪4种堆肥样品67个,通过测定不同种类畜禽粪肥技术指标、限量指标及有机组分含量,建立畜禽粪肥质量综合得分模型,从而对其质量进行评价。结果表明:(1)猪粪肥、牛粪肥、羊粪肥和鸡粪肥的平均种子发芽指数(GI)分别为44.1%、57.0%、51.9%和41.4%,均接近或大于50%的畜禽粪肥无害化要求,但小于有机肥NY/T525-2021标准70%的要求;(2)4种畜禽粪肥中,牛粪肥各项指标都更接近于NY/T525-2021标准要求,且牛粪肥中较活跃的有机组分可溶性有机质(DOM)、可提取腐殖酸(HE)、胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)含量均高于其他3种;(3)在畜禽粪肥质量评价综合得分模型中,牛粪肥获得最高得分0.834,其它粪肥得分依次为:羊粪肥0.761、猪粪肥0.732、鸡粪肥0.508。总体来看,4种畜禽粪肥的腐熟度仍需进一步提高,其综合质量排序为:牛粪肥>羊粪肥>猪粪肥>鸡粪肥。Clarifying the quality differences of livestock and poultry manure in black soil area of Songnen Plain,Heilongjiang Province,can provide theoretical basis for its quality improvement and rational application.In this study,67 compost samples of pig manure,cattle manure,sheep manure and chicken manure were collected from the black soil area of Songnen Plain,Heilongjiang Province.By measuring the technical indexes,limit indexes and organic components of different livestock manure,a comprehensive score model was established to evaluate the quality of livestock manure.The results show that:(1)The average seed germination index(GI)of pig manure,cattle manure,sheep manure and chicken manure are 44.1%,57.0%,51.9%and 41.4%,respectively,which is close to or greater than 50%of livestock manure harmless requirements,but lower than 70%of organic manure NY/T525-2021 standard requirements;(2)Among the four kinds of livestock and poultry manure,all indexes of cattle manure are closer to the requirements of NY/T525-2021 standard,and the contents of soluble organic matter(DOM),extractable humic acid(HE),humic acid(HA)and fulvic acid(FA)in cattle manure are higher than those of the other three kinds;(3)In the comprehensive score model of livestock and poultry manure quality evaluation,cattle manure is with the highest score of 0.834,and the scores of other manures are 0.761 sheep manure,0.732 pig manure and 0.508 chicken manure.Overall,the maturity of the four kinds of livestock and poultry manure still needs to be further improved,and its comprehensive quality is in the order of cattle manure>sheep manure>pig manure>chicken manure.

关 键 词：松嫩平原 黑土区 畜禽粪肥 质量评价 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S155.27[农业科学—土壤学]