微塑料去除技术研究现状及进展  

Microplastics Removal Technologies:State-of-the-Art

作　　者：刘琳 陈剑炜 赵立新[1,2] 张爽 王亚红 刘哲威 蒋明虎 Liu Lin;Chen Jianwei;Zhao Lixin;Zhang Shuang;Wang Yahong;Liu Zhewei;Jiang Minghu(School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,163318;Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Petrochemical Multiphase Treatment and Pollution Prevention,Daqing,163318)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学机械科学与工程学院,大庆163318 [2]黑龙江省石油石化多相介质处理及污染防治重点实验室,大庆163318

出　　处：《化学通报》2024年第5期528-539,共12页Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点支持项目(U21A20104);东北石油大学“国家基金”培育基金项目(2023-GPL-10),东北石油大学人才引进科研启动经费资助项目(2022KQ13)资助;大庆市指导性科技计划项目(zd-2023-34)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为一种新型的污染物,由于其粒径小、化学性质稳定不易降解,对水体环境、水生动植物以及人体健康造成了严重威胁,目前尚未形成针对微塑料的标准去除或分离方法。本文通过对国内外与微塑料去除相关最新技术的综述,从物理分离、化学去除、生物去除以及近年新兴的去除技术四个方面进行了系统的分析,同时对各技术适合的工况及优缺点进行了较全面的阐述。传统的物理分离、化学去除和生物去除技术对粒径较大的微塑料具有较好的去除效果,然而对于粒径小于20μm的微塑料无法完全去除;改进的传统技术及新兴技术虽然能有效去除微塑料,然而其成本较高,仍需进一步深入研究和可行性论证。希望本文有助于研究人员了解各类微塑料分离方法的优缺点,为在实际处理不同类型微塑料时选择合适的去除方法提供借鉴。As a new type of pollutant,microplastics pose a serious threat to water environment,aquatic animals and plants and human health due to their small particle size and stable chemical properties.At present,no standard separation method for microplastics has been formed.In this paper,through the review of state-of-the-art to domestic and abroad technologies related to the removal of microplastics,the physical separation,chemical separation,biological separation and emerging technologies in recent years were analyzed,and at the same time,the suitable working conditions and advantages and disadvantages of each technology were comprehensively expounded.Traditional physical separation,chemical separation and biological separation techniques have excellent separation effect on microplastics with large particle size,while cannot completely remove microplastics with particle size less than 20μm.Although improved traditional technologies and emerging technologies can effectively remove microplastics,they have high costs and research gaps,and need further research and feasibility demonstration.Additionally,the future development of microplastic removal technology is prospected in this article.Through this review,it is helpful for researchers to understand the advantages and disadvantages of various types of microplastics separation methods,and provide reference for choosing appropriate separating/removal methods when dealing with different types of microplastics in practice.

关 键 词：微塑料 去除方法 物理分离法 化学去除法 新兴技术 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]