超分子机器的现状与发展趋势  

The state of the art and future of artificial supra-molecular machines

作　　者：张琦[1] Qi Zhang(Key Labs for Advanced Materials,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,East Chine University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学化学与分子工程学院,上海200237

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2024年第5期753-761,共9页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目;上海市浦江人才项目(编号:23PJ1402100);上海市晨光学者项目资助。

摘　　要：人工分子机器的未来是什么?一种公认的发展趋势是面向未来智能应用的仿生可做功型软物质材料.近年来对于该领域的基础探索已初现端倪,尤其是利用超分子化学的策略,在人工分子机器的基元骨架上引入非共价组装位点,进而促进人工分子机器从离散式的运作模式集成、组装、放大至更高尺度的宏观层面,以此实现分子尺度微观运动的动态性集群式放大至宏观层面,引起超分子组装软材料的刺激响应性行为甚至是对外做功.本文将聚焦“超分子机器”这一论题,总结、讨论该领域的国内外发展现状,并展望未来发展面临的机遇和挑战.What is the future of artificial molecular machines?A recognized trend is toward the futuristic smart applications of“actively living”soft matter materials.Several recent examples by fundamental researches have been reflecting the preliminary principle,especially those based on supramolecular chemistry.Introducing noncovalent assembling sites onto artificial molecular machines is a promising way to enable discrete molecular machines to act as an ensemble that amplifies dynamics from molecular levels to supramolecular and even macroscopic level.This strategy has been proven robust in designing stimuli-responsive supramolecular soft matter and even enabling materials that can perform mechanical work as an output.This paper will focus on the topic of“supra-molecular machines”,summarizing the state of the art and providing personal perspectives on the future possible opportunities and challenges of this field.

关 键 词：人工分子机器 超分子化学 自组装 软物质材料 智能材料 

分 类 号：O641.3[理学—物理化学]