中国城镇化进程中人口形态的三重转变及其协同发展  

Three Kinds of Change of Population Status and Its Coordinate Development in the Process of Chinese Urbanization

作　　者：罗淳 朱要龙 Luo Chun;Zhu Yaolong

机构地区：[1]云南大学经济学院 [2]云南大学民族学与社会学学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（人口学）》2023年第5期76-85,共10页DEMOGRAPHY

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“推进以农业转移人口市民化为核心的新型城镇化研究”(21ZDA068)。

摘　　要：完整的城镇化过程,应是一个包括非农化和市民化在内的“三化”联动过程,这其中,“人口”自始至终都是一个不可或缺的显性指标和主体要素,而且皆可在“三化”演进中观察到人口形态的不同表现形式及其转变特征。回望中国城镇化的研究,至今依然存在“非农化缺位”、“城镇化越位”和“人口学内隐”三个不足。当代中国亿万进入城镇的农村人口,即便取得了城镇“常住”资格,但仍然难以获得“市民”权益,普遍处在有“市民”身份、无“同城”待遇的窘境中。鉴于此,跳出对城镇化的孤立认识,秉持“以人为核心”的新型城镇化主张,从人口主体视角把城镇化、非农化和市民化的所谓“三化”置于同一个分析框架中,探讨人口形态在“三化”进程中的角色转变及身份异同,并将三种人口形态的转变对应于“三化”进程与“三农”问题,探寻人口形态在“三化”之间的协同共进与顺畅接续。研究认为,城镇化的实现并不在于人口聚居形态的空间变化,即乡—城转变,而取决于人口从业属性的非农转变,即农—工转型;继而阐明,农业转移人口的市民化需要以从业方式的非农化为引领,以“市民”身份及其权益的平等获得为标志,而不是以聚居形态的城镇化为终结。一个健康有序、持续深入的城镇化,应是既得益于非农化的支撑,又有助于市民化的实现,是一个伴随经济社会发展而有序联动与协同共进的过程。最后从制度建构层面探寻“三化”协同中“人口”归一的政策取向。A full urbanization should be comprising nonagriculturalization and citizenization.These three kinds of process are linkage with each other.Among these processes,“population”is an indispensable principal indicator and main factor from beginning to end,whose different status and features can be found.Reviewing Chinese study on urbanization,there are three issues:“absence of nonagriculturalization”,“offside of urbanization”and“implicitness of demography”.Hundreds of millions Chinese rural population in city fall into dilemma that even if most of them could be title of permanent residents,they still have no“citizen”right,therefore,this paper jumps out of the isolated understanding of urbanization and holds“peoplecentered”proposal of new urbanization,and based on demographic perspective,puts nonagriculturalization,urbanization and citizenization into one frame,discussing the transitions of population’s role and identity in the“three kinds of process”.Then,this paper combines three kinds of change of population status with“three kinds of process”and“three agricultural problems”correspondingly,exploring its coordinated progress and smooth continuation among“three kinds of process”.The paper shows that the realization of urbanization does not depend on the spatial change of population settlement pattern,that is,ruralurban transformation,but on the change of employment attribute,that is,agriculturenonagriculture transformation.The paper also explains that the citizenization of the migrant agricultural population should be led by the nonagricultural employment,and marked by the identity of“citizens”and the equal access to their rights and interests,rather than the end of urbanization of the settlement pattern.The paper argues that a full and sustainable urbanization should be supported by nonagriculturalization and contribute to citizenization with the socialeconomic development.Finally,the paper puts forward some policy orientation based on system reform.

关 键 词：城镇化 非农化 市民化 人口形态 “三化”协同 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学] F299.21