社会性别视域下的人口寿命性别差异分析  

Analysis of Gender Differences in Life Expectancy from the Perspective of Gender

作　　者：陈岱云 陈希[3] Chen Daiyun;Chen Xi

机构地区：[1]济南大学政法学院 [2]山东大学,济南250024 [3]山东社会科学院法学所,济南250002

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（人口学）》2023年第2期38-48,共11页DEMOGRAPHY

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“新中国70年来人口死亡性别差异研究”(19ARK006)。

摘　　要：人口发展的历史表明,人口寿命存在性别差异,主要表现为男性人口预期寿命相对较短,而且这种差异会随着社会发展而持续变化。新中国成立以来的历次人口普查死亡资料证实了这一变化。人口寿命的性别差异是自然因素与社会因素二者共同影响的结果:自然因素导致男性生存表现为弱势;社会因素包括性别角色的社会认知、经济社会发展与变迁等,在促使女性人口社会地位提高的同时,也增进了女性身心健康水平,最终使其寿命延长幅度更大。因此,在全面推进“健康中国”建设的过程中,要注重人口保健工作的性别差异问题,更加关注成年男性人口的健康保健,实现人口性别结构均衡发展。History of population development shows that there are gender differences in the life span of the population.The male population lives shorter than the female population.With the development of the society,the average life expectancy gap between men and women changes,and when the society develops to a certain extent,the gap becomes stable.Since the founding of the PRC,death data from all previous censuses support this theory of gender differences in life span of the population.At the same time,the study further proves the role of internal and external factors affecting the gender difference in life span.That is,the genetic difference of population is the internal factor that determines the difference of life span,and Social factors,including social cognition of gender roles and economic and social development,are external factors.In short,the gender difference in life span is the result of both natural and social factors.Natural factors cause men to be weak,while social factors promote women to improve their social status.At the same time,women's physical and mental health levels improve faster than that of men.As a result,women are living longer.Therefore,in the process of building a healthy China,there should be a“concept of attention to gender differences in population health care”,and should paid more attention to the health care of adult male population in their whole life cycle.Finally,the balanced development of population and gender structure will be realized.

关 键 词：人口寿命 性别差异 遗传因素 社会性别规范 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学] C913.14