冒名顶替罪中的“数罪并罚”条款阐释  

Interpretation of the Clause of"Combined Punishment for Several Crimes"in the Crime of Impersonation

作　　者：彭辅顺[1] Peng Fushun

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（刑事法学）》2023年第6期115-125,共11页criminal law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“刑法指示规定的理论构建与立法技术研究”(17BFX077);湖南省社科基金项目“《民法典》视域下侵犯个人信息行为的刑法规制体系构建研究”(21YBA021)。

摘　　要：冒名顶替罪中的“数罪并罚”条款,既不是注意规定,也不是法律拟制,而是罪数处断的指示规定。在由适用条件和处断规则构成的指示规定中,由于处断规则是确定的,适用条件是模糊的,因此其解释路径不能是“从适用条件出发分析处断规则”,而应是“从处断规则出发确定适用条件”。基于解释的协调性和罪刑均衡的要求,该款“依照数罪并罚的规定处罚”这一处断规则适用的罪数形态不是“一行为数罪”的想象竞合,而是“数行为数罪”的牵连犯。国家工作人员本人实施冒名顶替罪或者组织、指使、帮助他人实施冒名顶替罪又构成伪造、变造印章、身份证件等涉身份证明类犯罪或者受贿、滥用职权等职务犯罪的,属于该款牵连犯,应实行数罪并罚。The clause of"combined punishment for several crimes"in the crime of impersonation is neither a provision of attention nor a legal fiction,but an instruction for the conviction of several crimes.In the directive stipulation composed of applicable conditions and adjudication rules,because the adjudication rules are definite and the applicable conditions are fuzzy,the interpretation path should not be"analyzing the applicable rules from the applicable conditions".Instead,it should be"determining the applicable conditions from the adjudication rules".Based on the coordination of interpretation and the requirement of balance between crime and punishment,the number of crimes applicable to the rule of"punishment in accordance with the provisions of combined punishment for several crimes"is not the imaginary concurrence of"one act and several crimes",but the implicated crime of"several crimes of several acts".If a state functionary himself commits the crime of impersonation or organizes,instigates or assists others to commit the crime of impersonation,which constitutes a crime related to identity certificate,such as forgery,alteration of seal,identity document,or duty crime such as accepting bribes or abusing power,it shall be implicated in this paragraph and shall be punished together for several crimes.

关 键 词：冒名顶替罪 “数罪并罚”条款 指示规定 想象竞合 牵连犯 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]