对我国混合式犯罪参与人区分机制的反思与改进--基于污染环境罪共同犯罪审判实践的分析  

Reflection and Improvement on the Mixed Mechanism of Distinguishing Participants in Joint Crime:Analysis on Judicial Practice of Environmental Pollution Crime

作　　者：秦悦涵 Qin Yuehan

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学知识产权学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（刑事法学）》2023年第2期93-102,共10页criminal law

基　　金：国家法治与法学理论研究中青年项目“我国行政执法与刑事司法衔接问题研究”(17SFB3018)。

摘　　要：在我国主从犯区分体系的刑法语境下,混合式犯罪参与人区分机制的运行缺陷在于作用分类法的虚置。基于共犯参与人区分机制实质化嬉变以及正犯主犯化的趋势下,可借鉴“犯罪事实支配理论”对犯罪参与人在共同犯罪中所起作用大小的判断准则进行规范化重构。若参与人取得犯罪事实支配地位,可认定在共同犯罪中起主要作用,成立主犯。参与人是否具备犯罪事实支配地位应遵循先形式判断后实质判断的思路。我国污染环境罪共同犯罪的参与人支配地位认定存在特殊之处,委托型共犯中的委托方必然成立主犯,帮助型共犯不能排除帮助方成立主犯的可能性,支配型共犯中被支配方的犯罪行为和环境法益侵害后果超出支配者犯罪故意的范围且超出部分支配了犯罪流程的发展时,被支配方也成立主犯。The defect of mixed mechanism of distinguishing participants in joint crime in motion lies in its ineffective function classification method.Under the background of the substantive evolution of the mechanism of distinguishing accomplice participants and the trend of the perpetrator being principal offender,The judgment criteria of criminal efforts that each participant takes in joint crime can be reasonably reformed by criminal domination theory.He who obtains the dominant position of criminal facts can be identified to play a major role and seen as the principal.The determination of the dominant position should follow the order that formal judgment prior to substantive judgment.By examining the judicial practice of environmental pollution crime in China,the entrusting party is bound to be principal offender,and the helping party also has the possibility to be principal.When the criminal acts and harmful consequences of dominated party have exceeded the scope of dominator's intent and substantially dominating criminal process,the dominated party is going to be principal offender.

关 键 词：主从犯区分体系 作用力判断准则 实质标准 犯罪事实支配地位 污染环境罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]