虐待罪的刑罚配置检讨:一个宪法与刑法融贯的视角  

A Review of Penalties Specified for the Crime of Abuse:From the Perspective of Ensuring the Coherence between the Constitution and Criminal Law

作　　者：唐冬平 Tang Dongping

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（刑事法学）》2023年第2期114-133,共20页criminal law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“新时代家国关系规范化的宪法路径研究”(项目编号:22YJC820033);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“离婚冷静期制度的合宪性实施研究”(项目编号:2021SJA1362)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国刑法专设虐待罪彰显了中国法律体系对家价值的维护。但在刑罚配置方面,其法定刑与同类犯罪相比却较轻,与社会日益增强的平等意识、权利观念以及在此基础上生成的现代家庭观相冲突。关于虐待罪的刑罚配置是否合理,学理上亦形成了“不合理说”与“合理说”对峙的因局。前者诉诸家庭伦理、文化传统等法外理由,未清晰揭示出虐待犯罪的独特社会危害性,不能深入到刑法学内部形成有力批判。后者将故意伤害罪的保护法益等同于虐待罪的保护法益,忽视了后者的相对独立性与复合性,不恰当地稀释了虐待罪的法益侵害性,对虐待罪适用难题的教义学回应更是遮蔽了其刑罚合理性问题,从而不能为现有刑罚设定提供足够的辩护。刑事立法的合理性检验需要根据宪法的法益作为判断工具,虐待罪的刑罚配置检讨应回归宪法与刑法相融贯的视角。我国宪法承认现代家庭生活的宪制价值,确立了加重保护家庭生活中个人基本权的根本法立场。在此指导下,虐待罪所欲保护的法益会呈现出“个人法益+集体法益”“主观法益+客观法益”这一“厚实”形态,立法者应依此对既有刑罚配置予以调整。虐待罪的刑罚配置检讨也为其他针对家庭成员的人身侵权犯罪的刑罚设置与适用提供了示范。The special criminalization of abuse in the Criminal Law of China demonstrates the protection of the value of family by the legal system of China.However,in terms of specified penalties,its statutory penalties are lighter than crimes of the same type,which is in conflict with the increasing awareness of equality,the concept of rights and the thus-generated modern view of family in the society.Regarding whether the specified penalties for the crime of abuse is reasonable or not,there forms a predicament of opposition between"the doctrine of unreasonableness"and"the doctrine of reasonableness"in theory.The former that resorts to external reasons such as family ethics and cultur-al traditions,does not clearly reveal the unique social harm of the crime of abuse,and cannot go deep into the inner circle of criminal law to form powerful criticism.The later equates the legal interest protected through the crime of in-tentional injury with the legal interest protected through the crime of abuse,ignores the relative independence and complex nature of the crime of abuse,and inappropriately dilutes the nature of damaging the legal interest of the crime of abuse,and its dogmatic response to the difficulties in making judgment concerning whether the defendant is guilty of the crime of abuse even obscures the question of whether the specified penalties are reasonable or not,thus failing to provide sufficient arguments for the existing penalties specified in the law.The rationality test of criminal legisla-tion should be based on the legal interests protected by the Constitution,thus the review of the specified penalties of the crime of abuse should be made by returning to the perspective of ensuring the coherence of the constitution and criminal law.The Constitution of China recognizes the constitutional value of modern family life,and establishes the standpoint of the fundamental law of strengthening the protection of the fundamental individual rights in family life.Under such instruction,the legal interest that the law intend

关 键 词：虐待罪 宪法 家庭 国家 刑罚 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]