谁从最低工资调整中获益?——基于2018年广东最低工资调整的评估调查  

Who Benefits from a Minimum Wage Increase?An Evaluation Survey Based on Minimum Wage Adjustment in Guangdong Province in 2018

作　　者：张莉 侯俊军[1] 孙中伟[3] Zhang Li;Hou Junjun;Sun Zhongwei

机构地区：[1]湖南大学经济与贸易学院 [2]华南理工大学广东社会保障研究中心 [3]华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（社会保障制度）》2023年第3期31-41,共11页SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

基　　金：佛山市社科基金项目“佛山制造与工匠文化研究”(2022ZDB-10)。

摘　　要：最低工资制度对提高低工资劳动者收入水平具有积极作用,是国家干预收入分配、促进共同富裕的一项重要政策工具。本文研究了针对2018年广东省最低工资标准调整的调查数据,发现:第一,最低工资调整对低收入群体收入增长起到了积极作用,新标准实施后低工资群体出现收入增长的可能性更大,但也会对高工资群体产生溢出效应;第二,工资结构是最低工资促进职工工资增长的作用路径,即加班工资占总工资收入比例越高,最低工资调整之后,工资增长的可能性越大。第三,从最低工资调整获益来看,低技能劳动者对加班工资的依赖更大。本文进一步肯定了最低工资制度对工资劳动者收入增长的重要作用,彰显了最低工资制度在减少贫困和促进分配公平方面的政策价值。但企业自主设置的薪酬结构抑制了最低工资提升的收入分配效应,抵消了最低工资制度带来的用工成本冲击,这也是当前最低工资制度在执行过程中面临的主要难题。Minimum wage plays a vital role in increasing the income of workers.It is the most important basic institutional arrangement for the state to intervene in the income distribution structure and promote common prosperity.According to the data from an evaluation survey on minimum wage adjustments in Guangdong province in 2018,the study shows that:first,the adjustment of minimum wage has played a positive role in the income growth of low-income groups.Low-wage groups are more likely to see income growth after the new standards are implemented.However,there will also be spillover effects on higher wage earners.Second,wage structure is the main mechanism of minimum wage to promote wage growth,that is,the higher the proportion of overtime wage in the total wage income,the greater the possibility of wage growth after the adjustment of minimum wage.Third,from the benefit of minimum wage adjustment,low-skilled workers are more dependent on overtime pay.This study further confirms that the minimum wage system plays an important role in the income growth of wage workers and highlights the social significance of minimum wage in reducing poverty and promoting fair distribution.However,the impact of the minimum wage increase depends on the salary structure set by enterprises independently,which also offsets the labor cost impact brought by the minimum wage.

关 键 词：最低工资标准 收入分配 共同富裕 工资 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济]