数字经济时代平台型企业何以诞生?——基于资源产权属性的案例研究  

How Do Platform-based Firms Emerge in the Digital Economy Era?A Case Study Based on Resource Property Rights

作　　者：刘方龙 蔡文平 邹立凯 Liu Fanglong;Cai Wenping;Zou Likai

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学商学院 [2]汕头大学商学院,汕头515063

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（产业经济）》2023年第6期66-80,共15页INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD085);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19YJC630100);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2021A1515011924,2018A030313170);广东省哲学社会科学规划专项项目(GD21YDXZGL02)。

摘　　要：平台型企业是为双边或多边市场塑造公共交易界面并嵌入产品或服务的经济组织,目前已成为数字技术和网络环境下迅速发展的新型组织形态。现有研究聚焦于平台型企业的商业模式、竞争优势及定价策略等,然而为何平台型企业在数字经济时代不断诞生及其背后隐含何种企业性质,目前尚未展开深入地探讨和解答。因而,本文沿着产权和交易成本的经典企业理论脉络,基于资源产权属性视角,以综合性平台美团为案例对象,探索平台型企业的诞生机制及企业性质。本文提出数字经济时代的平台型企业是一组交易成本处于较优状态的契约,且该契约是对市场资源产权属性的界定,以及对资源产权属性及其主体的交易管理以促进市场交易,正是由于特殊的企业性质使得数字经济时代不断诞生平台型企业。本研究从产权属性的多样化及产权交易契约出发,对平台型企业的边界模糊化进行解释。Platform-based firms have become a typical representative of the rapid development in the digital economy by leveraging digital technology to precisely match user needs,aggregate market resources,and maintain competitive advantages.As a new organizational form,most studies have focused on the business models,network effects,and pricing strategies of platform-based firms.However,it is still difficult for existing research to answer the question of why platform-based firms are emerging and growing rapidly in the digital economy,which means that the mechanism and nature of the birth of"platform-based firms"have been ignored by scholars.Therefore,the question in this paper is:Why do platform-based firms continue to emerge in the digital economy and what are the special corporate characteristics behind them?This paper adopts a case study approach and selects Meituan,a comprehensive platform company,as the case study object.As one of the first plaform companies born in the era of digital economy,Meituan provides a representative sample for the case study.The research follows the triangulation principle in the data collection process,and cross-checks the same facts or logical relationships by collecting primary and secondary data such as interviews and on-site visits which can build a logical and rigorous evidence chain.In the specific data analysis process,first-order coding,second-order coding,and theoretical coding are used to complete the data analysis,and the coding process is analyzed iteratively to revise or improve the coding process,so as to strengthen the theoretical analysis and argumentation of the coding relationship.The results show that:Platform-based firms are a set of property right contracts with superior transaction costs,which define the property right atributes of unused resources in the market and facilitate transactions among property right holders through the form of contracts.The emergence of digital technology enables platform-based firms to quickly identify and develop the value of unused reso

关 键 词：平台型企业 产权属性 交易成本 数字经济 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]