元宇宙与公共性:一种政治理论的分析  

Metaverse and Publicness:Ann Analysis of Political Theory

作　　者：张乾友[1] Zhang Qianyou

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院、南京大学公共事务与地方治理研究中心,南京210023

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（政治学）》2023年第12期49-58,共10页POLITICAL SCIENCE

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目“公共行政的社会理论研究”(21JHQ070);南京大学文科青年跨学科团队专项“国家治理与国际治理的工具体系和话语体系研究”(011714370122)。

摘　　要：元宇宙的兴起正在对人类社会的许多方面提出挑战。从政治理论的角度来看,元宇宙可能威胁到公共性这一基础性政治价值的实践地位。公共性之所以能在现代社会进入政治实践,得益于权力的国家化与国家的公共化两方面的发展。同时,现代社会中的一系列特殊条件也为公共性的持续存在提供了基础。随着元宇宙的兴起,这些条件受到了冲击。首先,元宇宙会造成人的全面零工化,使得人们无法作为一个集体开展行动,无法作为一个集体来寻求公共性所需要的政治平衡;其次,元宇宙会强化人与人之间的差异化存在,从而动摇公共性所需的平等意识形态;再次,元宇宙意味着消费主义的扩张,结果是吸引越来越多的人从国家转向元宇宙市场,进而引发越来越多资源从国家向元宇宙市场的转移,不断蚕食国家这一公共主体存在的物质基础。要在元宇宙时代维护公共性,我们需要重新思考国家的地位与功能。The rise of the metaverse is challenging many aspects of human society.From the perspective of political theory,the metaverse may threaten the practical status of publicness as a foundational political value.Publicness has made its way into political practice in modern societies thanks to the development of both the nationalization of power and the publicization of the state.At the same time,a set of special conditions in modern societies has provided the basis for the persistence of publicness.With the rise of the metaverse,these conditions have taken a hit.Firstly,the metaverse transforms everyone into odd jobs,making it impossible for people to act as a collective and seek the political balance required for publicness as a collective.Secondly,the metaverse reinforces the existence of differentiation among people,thereby shaking the ideology of equality required for publicness.Thirdly,the metaverse implies an expansion of consumerism,with the result that more and more people are attracted from the state to the metaverse market,which in turn triggers the transfer of more and more resources from the state to the metaverse market,continuously eroding the material basis of the existence of the state as a public subject.To maintain publicness in the metaverse era,we need to rethink the status and function of the state.

关 键 词：元宇宙 公共性 政治理论 国家 平台 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] D035[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]