GPT时代的民主价值与人机契约社会——从博比奥民主思想出发的思考  

Democratic Values and Human-Machine Contract Society in the GPT Era:Thinking from Bobbio's Democratic Thoughts

作　　者：高奇琦[1,2] Gao Qiqi

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学政府管理学院,上海201808 [2]华东政法大学政治学研究院,上海201808

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（政治学）》2023年第12期100-111,共12页POLITICAL SCIENCE

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“加快数字化发展与建设数字中国的政治保障研究”(21AZD021)。

摘　　要：博比奥关于民主的一系列洞见,可以帮助我们去思考民主在未来人类社会走向中的特殊价值。在GPT技术的辅助之下,可能会出现某种政治参与的通胀。对这一问题的解决,恰恰要回到公民本身。通过积极公民的倡导和激发,政府可以在一定程度上解决过载问题。在GPT技术的辅助之下,大量的重复性工作可以由机器来完成。公民在拥有大量的自由时间之后,可以将这些自由时间用到社区或者城市的政治活动之中。在大转型的过程中,人与人之间、人与机器之间都要达成某种新型契约,而这种契约恰恰可以超越碎片化的利益,使一种新型的智能文明得以出现。民主作为核心价值,既可以在大转型时代中避免过多的矛盾冲突,也可以在相对稳定的环境下重构整个政治秩序。如果国家采取了这种新型的法团主义模式,那么实际上就会出现一种双重国家,即有形国家和无形国家。有形国家在很大程度上可能要依赖无形国家进行委托治理,因为有形国家并不掌握运行大模型所需要的算法、算力和数据。在有形国家和无形国家的权力竞争和对抗的背景之下,积极公民就会变得至关重要。积极公民可能会成为有形国家的重要助手,并在一定程度上约束无形国家的超级权力。Bobbio's series of insights on democracy can help us think about the special value of democracy in the future direction of human society.With the assistance of GPT technology,some kind of politically participated inflation may occur.The solution to this problem lies precisely in returning to the citizens themselves.Governments can go some way to solving the problem of overload through the advocacy and stimulation of active citizens.With the assistance of GPT technology,a large number of repetitive tasks can be completed by machines.After citizens have a lot of free time,they can use this free time in political activities in the community or city.In the process of the great transformation,people and people,and people and machines,all need to reach a new type of contract,and this kind of contract can transcend fragmented interests and enable a new type of intelligent civilization to emerge.As a core value,democracy can avoid too many conflicts in the era of great transformation and can also reconstruct the entire political order in a relatively stable environment.If the state adopts this new corporatist model,a dual state will actually emerge,that is,a visible state and an invisible state.The visible country may rely on the invisible country for entrusted governance to a large extent,because the visible country does not have the algorithms,computing power and data required to run large models.In the context of power competition and confrontation between the visible and invisible states,active citizenship becomes crucial.Active citizens may become important assistants of the visible state,constraining the super power of the invisible state to a certain extent.

关 键 词：GPT 博比奥 民主价值 人机契约社会 

分 类 号：D034[政治法律—政治学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]