21世纪以来粮食收储政策演进、得失与改革完善  

Study on the Evolution,Gain and Loss,Reform and Improvement of Grain Collection and Storage Policy since the 21st Century

作　　者：郭庆海[1] 宫斌斌[1] Guo Qinghai;Gong Binbin

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学经济管理学院,长春130118

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（农业经济研究）》2023年第1期91-101,共11页AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“小农户土地承包权退出问题研究”(19BJY124)。

摘　　要：粮食收储政策是21世纪以来我国惠农政策的重点,先后出现了最低收购价格、临时收储价格、目标价格和“市场定价+生产者补贴”四种形态。粮食收储政策的实施在增加农民收入和粮食产量方面发挥了高强度的支撑作用,但也衍生出不可低估的负面效应。目标价格政策一度成为粮食收储政策改革的选择,但因其方案的粗放性而失败。“市场定价+生产者补贴”的方案最终替代了临时收储政策。现行最低收购价政策和“市场定价+生产者补贴”政策,并非改革的终结方案,仍存在较大的改革空间,发挥市场机制作用仍是改革的基本取向。因此,目标价格政策的可行性有待重新评估,与土地挂钩的补贴政策潜伏着不可小视的隐患,最低收购价政策有必要适时退出市场,市场结构与流通结算体系建设必须受到重视。The policy of grain collection and storage has been the focus of China's policy of benefiting farmers since the 21st century.There have been four forms of minimum purchase price,temporary collection and storage price,target price and"market pricing+producer subsidies".The implementation of the grain collection and storage policy has played a strong supporting role in increasing farmers'income and grain output,but it has also produced negative effects that cannot be underestimated.The target price policy once became the choice of the reform of grain collection and storage policy,but it failed because of the extensive nature of its program.The scheme of"market pricing+producer subsidies"finally replaced the temporary collection and storage policy.The current minimum purchase price policy and the policy of"market pricing+producer subsidies"are not the end plan of the reform.There is still much room for reform,and giving play to the role of the market mechanism is still the basic orientation of the reform.Therefore,the feasibility of the target price policy needs to be reassessed.There are hidden dangers in the land linked subsidy policy.It is necessary to withdraw the minimum purchase price policy from the market in a timely manner.The construction of the market structure and the circulation settlement system must be paid attention to.

关 键 词：粮食收储政策 最低收购价格 临时收储价格 目标价格 生产者补贴 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]