从相邻到反转:低保“悬崖效应”及其形成机制探究  

The Welfare"Cliff Effect"of the Dibao Program and Its Formation Mechanism

作　　者：郭忠兴[1] Guo Zhongxing

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（社会保障制度）》2023年第6期78-88,共11页SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“实施乡村建设行动研究”(21ZDA058);江苏省民政厅资助项目“困难群众基本生活保障研究”(JSMZ2020010)。

摘　　要：本文分析了低保“悬崖效应”的制度内成因与制度外贡献。研究表明:第一,低保“悬崖效应”显著存在,其规模约为最低生活保障标准的35%一52%。第二,“悬崖效应”的制度内成因不容忽视,在常规低保金和“分类施保”措施的加持下,低保补助对“悬崖效应”的贡献约为57%一80%。第三,专项救助和公共服务对低保家庭的帮扶多为费用减免、价格优惠和费用代缴等“隐性福利”,其对“悬崖效应”的贡献约为20%一43%。据此,本文建议构建机会均等化、力度梯度化的社会救助体系,变“悬崖”为“阶梯”,提升社会救助综合效能。This paper analyzes the welfare cliff effect of the Minimum Living Guarantee(dibao)program and its formation mechanism.The results show that:(1)the"cliff effect"of the dibao is significant,and its scale is equivalent to about 35%-52%of the dibao standard;(2)with the combined effects of regular and additional dibao allowances,the contribution of dibao allowance to the cliff effect is about 57%-80%;and(3)the assistance provided by special assistance and public service programs to dibao families is mostly manifested as"hidden benefits"such as fee reductions,price concessions,and waiver of contributions,contributing about 20%-43%to the cliff effect.Therefore,this paper proposes to build a social assistance system which provides equal opportunities and stratified benefits,so as to turn the"cliff"into"steps"and improve the comprehensive efficiency of social assistance.

关 键 词：低保制度 “悬崖效应” 低保边缘家庭 社会救助 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]