人口流动与最优社会保障区域协调模式  

Population Mobility and Optimal Regional Coordination Model of Social Security

作　　者：张熠[1] 陶旭辉 韩雨晴 Zhang Yi;Tao Xuhui;Han Yuqing

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院,上海200434

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（社会保障制度）》2023年第9期3-18,共16页SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72174114)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当年轻劳动力从低收入地区流向高收入地区时,低收入地区社会保障赠养负担和缴费率上升,实际收入下降,进而引发更多人口流出,影响区域协调发展。本文通过理论模型和实证数据分析了三种社会保障区域协调模式在效率和公平方面的表现。分析发现,“区域独立”和“全国统一”模式均未能实现效率最优,前者导致各地实际费率差异和劳动力流动规模过大,而后者则过小,存在一个帕累托效率最优的“相互调剂”模式。然而,如果兼顾公平性,只需付出微小的效率损失就可以大幅增进区域公平,加大跨区域调剂力度的“公平一效率转换比”极高。实证数据显示,当前社会保障区域协调模式已接近效率最优,但仍需大力推进公平性。未来推动区域社会保障协调发展,应当加大调剂和统筹的力度以及对人口流入地区的社保稽核力度,并预防人口过度流动带来的区域发展失衡。The large-scale migration has resulted in a disparity of social security dependency burden across various regions of China.This disparity manifests as higher nominal and actual contribution rates,as well as increased collection intensity,in regions with lower income.The aforementioned higher contribution rate exacerbates the rise of labor costs and the decline of real income in regions from which the population is migrating,leading to a greater outflow of young labor.Presently,the localized management model of the social security system has served as an"accelerator"for population migration,dragging the affected regions into a vicious circle in socio-economic conditions.As such,it is a crucial objective in this work to examine ways to formulate a suitable model for the coordination of social security across regions,with the aim of advancing high-quality economic growth amidst population mobility.This paper,grounded on the theory of labor mobility in the presence of a social security system,conducts an analysis of the social welfare implications of three models for the coordination of social security across regions:the"regional independence model",the"national unified model",and the"mutual adjustment model".The objective of this analysis is to identify the optimal regional coordination model for social security.The findings of this analysis are as follows.First,when considering efficiency alone,neither the"regional independence model"nor the"national unified model"is deemed optimal.The former leads to excessive population mobility and excessive disparities in local contribution rates,while the latter is plagued by the opposite set of problems.Under the"regional independence model",the negative externalities associated with exacerbating the dependency burden of population outflowing places are not taken into account in the decision-making process of individual migration.Under the"national unified model",the positive externalities of increased income after mobility on the balance of the national social security fund

关 键 词：社会保障 赡养负担 劳动力流动 区域协调发展 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学] C924.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]