村规民约对农村养老福利的作用机制分析——基于浙江省衢州市28个村的观察  

The Impact of Village Regulations on Rural Elderly Welfare:Evidence from 28 Villages in Quzhou,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：卢瑶玥 覃诚 方向明[1] Lu Yaoyue;Qin Cheng;Fang Xiangming

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（社会保障制度）》2023年第9期19-32,共14页SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新型农村社会养老保险对农村留守老人主观福利的影响研究”(编号:17BRK018);国家社会科学基金重点项目“农村低保对儿童人力资本及其早期劳动表现的影响和政策优化研究”(编号:21AJL015);中央农办农业农村部乡村振兴专家咨询委员会软科学课题“基本公共服务均等化对城乡与农村内部收入差距影响研究”(编号:rkx20210602)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：村规民约作为典型的乡村治理非正式制度发挥着重要的养老福利保障作用。本文通过对浙江省衢州市28个村的考察,根据村规民约与养老福利的联结度和从村规民约到养老福利的可及性,将村规民约对农村养老福利的作用机制划分为理想型、松散型、悬浮型、脆弱型等四种类型。理想型作用机制主要表现为:村规民约起草修订中的多方参与,村规民约修订中对老年人福利保障的重视,乡贤能人的示范效应,村集体经济优势的发挥;松散型作用机制的主要表现为:养老福利保障推进中对村庄共同体的培育和建设,乡贤能人回村任职对村集体增收致富的带动,村规民约推行中对“量化”奖惩的落实;悬浮型作用机制主要表现为:涉及农村养老的奖惩措施执行力不足,“纸面”福利与村庄治理的脱嵌;脆弱型作用机制主要表现为:立约程序形式化引致养老福利内容模板化,村干部治村能力不足限制养老福利供给,村庄自治力量薄弱造成村规民约推行困难。应根据村规民约对农村养老福利作用机制不同类型的特征,通过增强村规民约书面文本与农村养老福利内容的联结度和提升村规民约转化为实际养老福利保障的能力,引导其他类型向理想型作用机制类型转化,实现农村养老福利保障能力的再造。As a typical informal system of rural governance,village regulations play an important role in ensuring elderly welfare.Based on the investigation of 28 villages in Quzhou,Zhejiang Province,this paper categorizes the mechanisms of village regulations affecting senior welfare into four types:ideal mode,loose mode,impractical mode,and fragile mode,according to the degree of linkage between village regulations and elderly welfare.The ideal mode features:multi-party participation in drafting village regulations;emphasis on the welfare of the elderly in the village regulations;adoption of the demonstration effect of village talents;utilization of the benefits of the collaborative economy.The loose mode features:cultivation and construction of the village community with the help of elderly welfare system;inflows of talented people to the village driving income increase of the collectives;"quantitative"rewards and penalties specified in the village regulations.The impractical mode features:the absence of regulation implementation,"decoupling"of the written welfare policies and practical village governance.The fiagile mode features:formalistic drafting process of village regulation leading to non-informative rules for elderly welfare,inability of village cadres to govern the village limiting the delivery of welfare resources,lack of village autonomy impeding the promotion and implementation of village regulations.To achieve the reconstruction of rural elderly welfare system,it is supposed to transform other modes into the ideal modes by strengthening the connection between the written village regulations and the content of elderly welfare,and the ability of implementing the regulations in terms of elderly welfare.

关 键 词：村规民约 农村 养老福利 作用机制 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济]