低收入家庭食物券补贴的理论依据、国际经验与中国启示  

The Theoretical Basis and International Experience of Food Stamps for Low-income Households and Their Implication for China

作　　者：金婷 李雷 白军飞[1,2] Jin Ting;Li Lei;Bai Junfei

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学北京食品安全政策与战略研究基地,北京100083 [3]浙江农林大学经济管理学院,杭州311300 [4]浙江农林大学浙江省乡村振兴研究院,杭州311300

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（社会保障制度）》2023年第9期93-104,共12页SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

基　　金：“中国农业大学2115人才工程”项目,浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202147255);清华大学中国农村研究院2021-2022学年度“清华农村研究博士论文奖学金项目”(202116);浙江农林大学科研发展基金项目(2021FR014)。

摘　　要：食物券是许多发达国家和发展中国家保障低收入家庭食物安全和营养需求、减贫、促进逆周期消费刺激的重要政策工具。本文在分析学术界关于现金补贴与食物补贴之间的争论和选择依据的基础上,介绍美国、墨西哥、印度尼西亚等国家食物券计划的制度设计、实施效果和成功经验,探讨中国开展低收入群体食物券计划的路径选择。研究表明,现金补贴具有管理成本低和灵活性优势,食物券在提高食物边际消费倾向和营养多样性方面具有优势,二者可以相互促进和补充;食物券计划设计和成功运行的关键在于与社会保障体系相融合、善用科技支撑运行、确保市场运行良好和可接触、采取配套措施促进营养健康食物选择。建议在评估中国各项现金补贴计划对低收入居民食物消费结构与营养摄入影响的基础上,将食物券纳入现行社会保障体系,重点保障老、弱、病、残、低保家庭和特困人员家庭的基本食物与营养需求,并鼓励地方试点探索食物券制度设计和实施经验。Food stamp programs are an important policy tool for many developed and developing countries to ensure food security and nutritional needs for low-income groups,reduce poverty,and stimulate consumption in time of economic recession.This paper reviews the cash versus in-kind debate and the factors influencing their choice,analyzes the design,implementation,and experience of food stamp programs in the United States,Mexico,and Indonesia,and explores the implication for designing the food stamp program for low-income groups in China.The research founds that cash transfer has the advantages in administrative costs and flexibility,while food stamp has advantages in improving food consumption propensity and nutritional diversity.Cash transfer and food stamp can be complementary rather than mutually exclusive.Integration of food stamp program into social protection systems,making good use of technologies supporting program operation,well-functioning and accessible markets,and supporting measures for nutritious and healthy food choices for targeted groups are four keys for a successful food stamp program.After evaluating the impact of current cash subsidy programs on the food consumption structure and nutritional intake of the lowincome groups,it is suggested to build China's food stamp program on the basis of current social protection system to ensure food safety and nutritional needs for the elderly,the weak,the sick,the disabled families.Local governments are encouraged to laugh pilot projects for exploring how to design and implement food stamp program.

关 键 词：食物券 现金补贴 低收入家庭 食物安全 

分 类 号：F416.82[经济管理—产业经济]