新疆早熟棉花不同水分下临界氮稀释曲线的构建与验证  

Construction and verification of critical nitrogen concentration dilution curves for early maturing cotton under different water conditions

作　　者：张雨鑫 吕宁[2] 高志建[2] 李全胜[2] 张亚黎[1] 王国栋[2] ZHANG Yu-xin;LU Ning;GAO Zhi-jian;LI Quan-sheng;ZHANG Ya-li;WANG Guo-dong(Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Shihezi University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China;Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture Key Laboratory,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆农垦科学院农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室/水肥资源高效利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第4期731-744,共14页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900405-3);兵团英才选拔骨干培养项目。

摘　　要：[目的]基于临界氮浓度(Nc),构建不同水分条件下早熟棉花氮营养指数(NNI)、氮吸收量(N_(upt))和累积氮亏缺量(N_(and))模型,为棉花氮素营养诊断提供快捷准确的方法,以提高水肥利用效率。[方法]田间试验于2021和2022年在新疆石河子市进行,供试棉花品种为当地主栽早熟品种‘新石K-18’。试验采用完全区组设计,设置4个灌溉水量(W):中度亏缺(W1,3000 m^(3)/hm^(2))、轻度亏缺(W2,3750 m^(3)/hm^(2))、正常水分(W3,4500 m^(3)/hm^(2))、水分盈余(W4,5250 m^(3)/hm^(2));5个氮素(N)水平:0、225、262.5、300、337.5 kg/hm^(2),记为N0、N1、N2、N3和N4,共20个处理。出苗后第60、75、90、105、120天,取棉株样品,分为茎、叶和铃,吐絮后棉铃又分为铃壳、棉籽、皮棉,测定干物质量和氮浓度。在吐絮期调查棉花株数、单株结铃数、单铃重,以及皮棉产量和衣分。以植株干重与含氮量构建不同水分条件下的临界氮浓度稀释曲线(Nc),采用均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)和标准化均方根误差(n-RMSE)对临界氮浓度稀释曲线的可靠性进行验证。基于Nc,建立棉株氮营养指数、氮吸收量、累积氮亏缺量模型,用于不同水分条件下的棉花氮素最佳用量推荐。[结果]棉花各生育期地上部干物质、棉花产量、氮含量均随灌水与施氮量的增加而增加,籽棉与皮棉产量均以W3N3处理最高,分别为5892与2747 kg/hm^(2)。W1~W4各水分条件下临界氮浓度稀释曲线R~2分别为0.999、0.912、0.952、0.974,RMSE分别为0.284、0.280、0.243和0.269,说明模型具有较高的精度。基于Nc的氮营养指数、氮吸收量与累积氮亏缺量模型,对不同水分条件滴灌棉花氮营养状况的诊断结果均表明N3 (300 kg/hm^(2))为最适施氮水平。综合棉花产量与氮含量,中度水分亏缺条件(W1)下的最佳施氮量为262.5 kg/hm^(2),轻度亏缺、正常水分和水分盈余(W2、W3和W4)条件下均为300 kg/hm^(2)。[结论]建立�[Objectives]Based on the critical nitrogen concentration(Nc),we constructed nitrogen nutrition index(NNI),nitrogen uptake(N_(upt)),and cumulative nitrogen deficit(Nand)models of early-maturing cotton under different water conditions,to provide a quick and accurate method for diagnosing nitrogen nutritional status of cotton and improving water and fertilizer use efficiency.[Methods]Field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 in Shihezi City,Xinjiang,and Xinshi K-18,an early maturity cotton cultivar,was used as test material.A complete block design was used for the experiment,with four watering criterions(W):moderate deficit(W1,3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)),mild deficit(W2,3750 m^(3)/hm^(2)),moderate(W3,4500 m^(3)/hm^(2)),and sufficient(W4,5250 m^(3)/hm^(2)).Five nitrogen levels(N):0,225,262.5,300,and 337.5 kg/hm^(2)(denoted as N0,N1,N2,N3,and N4,respectively),totalling 20 treatments.At 60,75,90,105,and 120 days after emergence,cotton samples were collected and divided into stems,leaves,and bolls,and the cotton bolls after blowing were further divided into boll shell,seed,and lint,for the determination of dry weight and N content.Also the number of cotton plants,boll number per plant,boll weight per plant,lint yield and clothing percentage at 120 days were investigated.The critical nitrogen dilution curve(Nc)was constructed based on plant dry weight and N content under different water conditions.The reliability of Nc dilution curve was verified by root mean square error(RMSE)and standardized root mean square error(n-RMSE).Based on Nc,the N nutrition index,N uptake,and cumulative N deficit models of cotton plants were established to recommend the optimal amount of N in cotton under different water conditions.[Results]Shoot dry matter,cotton yield,and N content increased with the increases of water and N application rates at all growth stages,and both the highest seed cotton yield(5892 kg/hm^(2))and lint cotton yield(2747 kg/hm^(2))were recorded in W3N3 treatment.Under water criterions from W1 to W4,the R2 values of the c

关 键 词：棉花 滴灌 临界氮浓度稀释曲线 氮素诊断 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]