禾本科杂粮作物养分高效机理及指标研究进展  

Research progress on the mechanisms and nutrient efficiency indicators for minor cereal crops of the Poaceae family

作　　者：王京新 赵宇[1] 夏雪岩[1] 崔纪菡 魏志敏[1] 李顺国[1] WANG Jing-xin;ZHAO Yu;XIA Xue-yan;CUI Ji-han;WEI Zhi-min;LI Shun-guo(Institute of Millet Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Research Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050035,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院谷子研究所/农业农村部特色杂粮遗传改良与利用重点实验室(部省共建)/河北省杂粮研究重点实验室,河北石家庄050035

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第4期786-800,共15页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：河北省农林科学院科技创新人才队伍建设项目(C23R0403);河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费包干制项目(HBNKY-BGZ-02);国家谷子高粱产业技术体系传统旱作技术挖掘与创新岗位(CARS-06-14.5-A23)。

摘　　要：我国耕地中低产田面积大,养分缺乏始终是限制作物产量的一个主要因素。谷子、糜子和高粱为我国传统的禾谷类杂粮作物,具有光合效率高,耐旱耐瘠薄的特点,较大宗粮食作物更适应干旱、贫瘠的土壤。然而,养分利用效率研究主要集中在玉米、小麦等主粮作物,小杂粮作物研究进展相对缓慢。本文系统总结了谷子、糜子和高粱氮、磷、钾高效利用的研究结果,归纳了几种杂粮作物养分高效的筛选指标,形态指标包括地上部干重、穗粗、穗重、草重、产量等,生理指标包括氮同化酶活性、磷积累量、光合养分效率等,养分吸收效率主要指标包括根系大小、根系长度、侧根分支和根直径,及可能参与养分高效的候选基因如NRT1、PHR1、钾转运蛋白HAK和钾离子通道蛋白Shaker等。未来可从以下几方面推进杂粮作物养分高效的研究:杂粮作物光合效率高和根系耐旱耐贫瘠的特点;利用转录组学方法深入分析引起杂粮作物光合作用和养分吸收效率的种间和种内变异的机理,特别是与氮组分、磷组分变化相关的机制;分析杂粮作物的根系形态及其主导的根系微生物互作特征对养分高效吸收的影响。这些研究将为培育养分高效高产的杂粮品种和高效栽培技术提供理论基础和指导。There are large area of medium-and low-yield farmlands in China,nutrient deficiency has been a key factor limiting crop production in these areas.Foxtail millet,proso millet and sorghum are the traditional minor cereal crops in China,having the properties of higher photosynthetic efficiency,drought and barren tolerance.They are more suitable to drought and nutrient deficient conditions than the main staple crops like wheat,rice,and maize.However,researches on nutrient efficiency mainly focuses on staple crops,fewer on minor cereal crops.In this paper,we systematically summarized the researches about the efficient utilization of N,P,and K in foxtail millet,proso millet and sorghum,and the screened indicators for nutrient efficiency in these minor cereal crops.The reported morphological indicators include above ground dry weight,panicle diameter,panicle weight,grass weight,yield,et al.Physiological indicators include nitrogen assimilation enzyme activity,phosphorus accumulation,photosynthetic nutrient use efficiency,etc.The main indicators for nutrient absorption efficiency include root size,root length,lateral root branching,and root diameter,as well as candidate genes,which may be involved in nutrient efficiency,NRT1,PHR1,potassium transporter HAK,and potassium channel protein Shaker.In the future,more researches should be carried out on the characteristics of high photosynthetic efficiency and drought and sterility tolerance of root systems in minor cereal crops;the interspecific and intraspecific variations of photosynthetic nutrient efficiency using transcriptomic methods,especially the mechanisms caused by nitrogen and phosphorus component variations in plants;the root morphology traits and the derivative root-microbial interactions on the nutrient absorption efficiency of minor cereal crops.These research results will provide theoretical guidance for the cultivation of nutrient-efficient grain cultivars and efficient cultivation techniques.

关 键 词：谷子 糜子 高粱 养分高效 光合 根系 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]