是“空心化”还是“空巢化”?——当前中国村落社会存在形态及其演化过程辨识  

"Hollow Village"or"Empty Nest Village"?An Identification of the Existing Forms and Evolutionary Process of China's Village Society

作　　者：马良灿 康宇兰 Ma Liangcan;Kang Yulan

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（农业经济研究）》2023年第2期5-18,共14页AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“乡村振兴背景下复合型农村社区组织体系建设问题研究”(编号:21BSH095)。

摘　　要：部分学者认为,中国村落社会是“空心化”社会,亦即在城镇化、市场化和人口大规模外流等因素驱动下,村落社会将陷入主体缺失、人口递减、资源衰竭、组织衰败和社会解组的困境。最终,村落社会和农民将在现代化进程中逐渐走向终结。“村落空心化”论者所秉持的线性现代化的价值立场、城乡“相克”的二元观念和村落终结的论调同当前大多数村落社会的经验事实与变动趋势不相吻合。因此,应当用“村落空巢化”来概括村落社会存在形态及其演化过程。“村落空巢化”突出城乡互动与城乡相成共生,主张城市繁荣不应带来乡村衰败。它表明,农村人口流动呈现周期性“离巢”与“回巢”双重特征,在现代化进程中,大多数村落非但不会终结,还会以新的存在形态延续。村落振兴既是可能的,也是必需的。要全面推进乡村振兴,需破除“城乡分治、一国两策”的二元结构实现城乡一体,需发展新型集体经济实现村落社会组织化,需创新社会治理夯实乡村振兴社会基础。Some scholars believe that China's village society is a"hollow"society,that is,driven by urbanization,marketization and the large-scale population outflow,the village society can fall into the dilemma of actor loss,popula-tion decrease,resource exhaustion,organizational decline and social disintegration.At last,the village society and farmers will gradually come to an end in the process of modernization.The value standpoint of linear modernization,the dualistic concept of"mutual restriction"between urban and rural areas,and the argument of the end of villages held by"hollow village"theorists are not consistent with the empirical facts and the changing trends of most current village societies.Therefore,this study proposes to use the"empty nest village"to summarize the existing forms and evolution process of village society.The"empty nest village"highlights the interaction between urban and rural areas and the symbiosis between urban and rural areas,and advocates that urban prosperity should not lead to rural decline.It shows that the rural population flow presents the dual characteristics of periodic"leaving the nest"and"returning to the nest".In the process of modernization,most villages will not end,but will continue in a new form of existence.Village revitalization is both possible and necessary.To comprehensively revitalize the countryside,we need to get rid of the dual structure of"urban-rural division"or"one country,two policies"to achieve urban-rural integration,develop a new collective economy to achieve the organization of village society,and innovate social governance to consolidate the social foundation for rural revitalization.

关 键 词：村落社会 空心化 空巢化 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]