中国农地产权制度的改革实践、变迁逻辑及未来演进方向  

The Reform Practices,Transition Logics and Future Evolution Direction of China's Farmland Property Right Systems

作　　者：郜亮亮[1,2] Gao Liangliang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所农业农村现代化研究中心 [2]中国社会科学院土地经济研究室

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（农业经济研究）》2023年第5期105-122,共18页AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“统筹推进县域城乡融合发展的理论框架与实践路径研究”(项目编号:22&ZD112);国家社会科学基金重大项目“农业高质量发展的理论创新与路径研究”(项目编号:21ZDAD54)。

摘　　要：党的二十大报告明确要求深化农村土地制度改革,而农地产权制度改革是其中最为基础的内容。本文尝试在对新中国成立以来的农地产权制度的改革实践和变迁逻辑进行梳理的基础上,探究其未来的可能演进的方向。首先,本文对五项改革实践的现实背景和主要内容进行了分析,五项改革是建立集体所有制、实现家庭联产承包责任制、实行农地“三权分置”、建立农地流转市场和强化产权稳定性。其次,本文从统一的理论框架对农地产权制度的变迁逻辑进行了分析,这也是对农地产权制度改革的经济学解释。最后,本文认为农地产权制度未来的演进方向是,在坚持农地狭义所有权集体所有的前提下,及时顺应现实,不断地对农地权利进行分割细化和属性化,并把相应的权利分配给使用效率最高的社会主体,以最大限度提升农地利用效率。The report of the 2Oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China requires to deepen farmland system reform clearly and firmly,and the reform of farmland property rights system is the most basic content of it.This paper attempts to systematically review the reform practices and transition logics of the farmland property right system since the foundation of the People's Republic of China and explores the possible future evolution direction of it.Firstly,this paper introduces the context and main contents of five major reform initiatives,including the establishment of col-lective ownership,the implementation of household responsibility system,the realization of separating contracted man-agement right,the construction of farmland rental market and the reinforcement of farmland property rights from rural land ownershop.Secondly,this paper analyzes the transition logics of farmland property right system in a unified theo-retical framework,which also provides economic explanations for the reform of farmland property right system.Finally,this paper prospects the evolution direction of China's farmland property right system in the future.The reform of farm-land property right system should persist in the principle that ownership belongs to the rural collectives,adapt to actual conditions timely,divide and specify the attributes of farmland rights gradually,and allocate the corresponding rights to the most efficient social subjects to improve the land utilization efficiency at the greatest extent.

关 键 词：农地 产权制度 狭义所有权 产权分割 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]