中国农业绿色发展:创新与演化  

The Green Development of Agriculture in China:Innovation and Evolution

作　　者：李周[1] Li Zhou

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（农业经济研究）》2023年第6期27-38,共12页AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY

摘　　要：农业绿色发展演化是一个循序渐进、日积月累的过程,它的外生干预主要以创新形式出现。创新会增强农业绿色发展的自生能力、共生能力与和谐能力:技术创新提高农业绿色发展的自生能力;组织创新提高农业绿色发展的共生能力;制度创新激发人们的创新活力和规范人们的行为,协调人与人、当代人与后代人、人与自然的关系。本文以现实中的案例,论述创新对生态系统保护以及农业绿色发展自生能力、共生能力与和谐能力演化的影响。中国生态补偿始于中央政府的纵向生态补偿,但横向生态补偿对生态补偿制度的贡献会更大且走得更远。要按市场化、绩效化和社会化原则进行生态补偿创新,解决按面积发放生态补偿资金无法激励参与者的问题。绿色发展伊始阶段需要以政府为主导,但不宜停留在这个阶段。以市场和民众为主导有利于提高权利与责任的对称性和绿色发展的协调性,民众需要有展示他们贡献的工具。The evolution of agricultural green development is a gradual and cumulative process.Its exogenous in-tervention mainly takes the form of innovation.Innovation enhances the viability,symbiosis and harmony of agricultural green development.Among them,technological innovation enhances the viability of agricultural green development,organizational innovation improves its symbiosis,and institutional innovation promotes its harmony by means of stimu-lating people's innovative vitality,regulating their behavioral norms and coordinating the relationships among people,between the present generations and the future generations as well as between people and nature.Based on examining practical cases,this article discusses the impacts of innovation on ecosystem protection and the evolution of the viability,symbiosis and harmony of agricultural green development.Ecological compensation in China began with the central government's vertical ecological compensation,but the horizontal ecological compensation is very likely to make greater contributions to the ecological compensation system and go further.It is necessary to carry out ecological compensation innovation according to the marketization,socialization and performance-based principles.The problem that the distri-bution of ecological compensation funds by area cannot motivate local participants needs to be addressed.Green development needs to be oriented by the government in the initial stage,but it is not appropriate to stay at this stage.Market-and people-led green development is conducive to improving the symmetry of rights and responsibilities as well as the coordination of green development.People need to have tools to show their contributions.

关 键 词：农业 绿色发展 演化 创新 自生能力 共生能力 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]