密度和氮肥调控对76 cm等行距配置模式机采棉干物质积累及产量形成的影响  

Effects of Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Formation of Machine-Picked Cotton in a 76 cm Equidistant Row Spacing Configuration Pattern

作　　者：乔迪 张昊 林涛[2,3,4] 汤秋香 付浩 鲍龙龙 QIAO Di;ZHANG Hao;LIN Tao;TANG Qiu-xiang;FU Hao;BAO Long-long(Cotton Engineering Research Center,Ministry of Education of the P.R.C.,College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [4]农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2023年第5期359-366,共8页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4-4);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2022B02033-1)。

摘　　要：为找出新疆阿克苏地区阿瓦提县在76 cm等行距种植模式下机采棉最适种植密度和氮肥施用量,本试验通过设置3个种植密度和3个施氮梯度,分析76 cm等行距种植模式下机采棉不同密度和施氮量水平对棉花生长特性及产量的影响。供试品种为新陆中88号,试验采用裂区试验设计,种植密度为主区,氮肥施用量为副区。其中密度设置为M1(135000株/hm^(2))、M2(180000株/hm^(2))和M3(225000株/hm^(2))3个水平,氮肥施用量(纯氮)设置为N1(0 kg/hm^(2))、N2(300 kg/hm^(2))和N3(600 kg/hm^(2))3个水平。测定棉花蕾期、花期、铃期的农艺性状,测定苗期、蕾期、花期、铃期、吐絮期的干物质积累量、产量和产量构成因子,评价76 cm等行距种植模式下适宜的种植密度和施氮量。结果表明,在密度相同的条件下,增加施氮量有利于棉花干物质积累,密度225000株/hm^(2)、施氮量600 kg/hm^(2)处理的快速积累时间最长,为38.89 d,但其营养器官与生殖器官分配比例失调,不利于棉花产量形成。在相同施氮量下,棉花的单株结铃数随密度的增加而减小,但低密度水平下棉花结铃数的增加并不能弥补群体结铃数不足;增加氮肥施用量可弥补因密度增加而减少的单株结铃数和单铃重,有利于棉花产量形成。密度135000株/hm^(2)、施氮量600 kg/hm^(2)处理获最高籽棉产量6194.38 kg/hm^(2),但与密度180000株/hm^(2)、施氮量300 kg/hm^(2)处理的棉花产量6171.61 kg/hm^(2)无显著差异。阿克苏棉区76 cm等行距机采棉种植模式下,密度180000株/hm^(2)、施氮量300 kg/hm^(2)处理棉花生长状况较理想,干物质快速积累量较高,籽棉产量较高。In order to find out the most suitable planting density and nitrogen fertilizer application rate of machine-picked cotton under the 76 cm equidistant row spacing planting pattern in Awati County,Aksu Region,Xinjiang,this experiment analyzed the effects of different densities conditions and nitrogen application rate of machine-picked cotton under the 76 cm equidistant row spacing planting pattern on the growth characteristics and yield of cotton by setting up three planting densities and three nitrogen application gradients.The test variety was Xinluzhong 88,and the experiment was designed as a split-zone experiment,with planting density as the main zone and nitrogen fertilizer application as the secondary zone.The planting density was set as M1(135000 plants/hm^(2)),M2(180000 plants/hm^(2))and M3(225000 plants/hm^(2)),and the nitrogen fertilizer application rate(pure nitrogen)was set as N1(0 kg/hm^(2)),N2(300 kg/hm^(2))and N3(600 kg/hm^(2)).The agronomic traits during the bud,flower and boll stage,dry matter accumulation during the seedling,bud,flower,boll stage and fluffing stage as well as yield and yield components were measured to comprehensively evaluate the suitable planting density and N application under 76 cm equidistant row spacing planting pattern.The results showed that under the condition of the same density,increasing the amount of nitrogen application was favorable to the dry matter accumulation of cotton,and the treatment with a density of 225000 plants/hm^(2) and a nitrogen application of 600 kg/hm^(2) had the longest time of rapid accumulation,which was 38.89 d.However,the proportion of its nutrient and reproductive organs distribution was disproportionate,which was unfavorable to the formation of cotton yield.In the same amount of nitrogen application,the number of bolls per plant decreased with the increase of density,indicating that the number of bolls per unit area increased under the condition of low density could not make up for the number of bolls of the group;and the increase of nitrogen

关 键 词：76 cm等行距 密度 施氮量 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]