不同生育时期喷施磷酸二氢钾对棉花农艺性状、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Foliar Spraying of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate on Agronomic Traits,Yield and Quality of Cotton

作　　者：袁文杰 王昕悦 张宇辰 盛建东[1] 蒋平安[1] YUAN Wen-jie;WANG Xin-yue;ZHANG Yu-chen;SHENG Jian-dong;JIANG Ping-an(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2023年第5期394-398,共5页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆棉花产业技术体系项目(XJARS-03);国家自然科学基金项目(U2003210);国家重点研发项目子课题(2022YFD190010304)。

摘　　要：为验证不同生育时期喷施磷酸二氢钾对棉花的影响,研究了蕾期、花期和铃期喷施磷酸二氢钾对棉花农艺性状、产量、品质及经济效益的影响。设置氮磷钾肥(NPK)、蕾期喷施磷酸二氢钾(P_(L))、花期喷施磷酸二氢钾(P_(H))、铃期喷施磷酸二氢钾(P_(l))和蕾期、花期、铃期均喷施磷酸二氢钾(P_(LHl))5个处理,通过棉花不同生育期植株样品测定其农艺性状、产量、品质。在花期,P_(LHl)处理棉花株高显著高于NPK处理。在铃期,P_(H)、P_(l)、P_(LHl)处理棉花茎粗显著高于NPK、P_(L)处理;在花期喷施磷酸二氢钾可以增加棉花单株铃数,铃期显著增加单铃重;P_(LHl)处理棉花上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、整齐度、伸长度显著高于其他处理。喷施磷酸二氢钾增加了棉花经济效益,P_(LHl)处理经济效益增加最大为4419.78元/hm^(2)。根据棉花长势,于花期和铃期喷施磷酸二氢钾增加棉花单铃重和单株铃数进而达到提高产量的效果。In order to verify the effects of spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KAP)on cotton at different fertility periods,the effects of spraying KAP at bud,flower and boll stage on the agronomic traits,yield,quality and economic efficiency of cotton were investigated.Five treatments of nitrogen were set,they were:phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(NPK),potassium phosphate(P_(L))sprayed at bud stage,potassium phosphate(P_(H))sprayed at flowering stage,potassium phosphate(P_(l))sprayed at boll stage and potassium phosphate(P_(LHl))sprayed at bud stage.The agronomic traits,yield,quality,and economic benefits of cotton plants at different growth stages were measured.At anthesis,cotton plant height was significantly higher in P_(LHl) treatment than in NPK treatment.At the boll stage,the stem thickness of P_(H),P_(l),and P_(LHl)-treated cotton was significantly higher than that of NPK and P_(L) treatments;Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the flowering stage increased the number of bolls per plant,and significantly increased the weight of bolls per boll at the boll stage;and the average length of the upper half of the cotton in P_(LHl)-treated cotton,the ratio of strength to break,the degree of regularity,and the elongation were significantly higher than that in the other treatments.Spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate increased the economic benefits of cotton,and the P_(LHl) treatment increased the economic benefit,to the highest level of 4419.78 yuan/hm^(2).According to the growth of cotton,spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KAP)at flowering and boll stage can increase the weight of cotton bolls and the number of bolls per plant,thus achieving the effect of increasing yield.

关 键 词：棉花 磷酸二氢钾 单铃重 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]