河流生境稳定性研究进展  

A review of river habitat stability

作　　者：傅斌 余亚南 卢一 秦汉 FU Bin;YU Ya-nan;LU Yi;QIN Han(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Conservancy,Chengdu 610200,China;The Faculty Geography Resource Sciences,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610100,China;Pidu Monitoring Station of Chengdu Pollution Source Monitoring Center,Chengdu 611730,China;Sichuan Province Chengdu Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Chengdu 610011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院·水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610200 [2]四川师范大学地理与资源科学学院,四川成都610100 [3]成都市污染源监测中心郫都监测站,四川成都611730 [4]四川省成都生态环境监测中心站,四川成都610011

出　　处：《环境生态学》2024年第5期72-81,共10页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于级联过程的生态系统服务流”(32071664);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察(2019QZKK0307)资助。

摘　　要：由于水资源开发、污染排放等人类活动的影响,河流的基质、流量和水质等物理化学条件极易变化,直接或间接影响浮游生物、大型底栖无脊椎动物等水生生物的生存。因此,河流生境的稳定性成为保护水生生物的关键。但目前对河流生态系统的生境稳定性研究较为分散,尤其对河流生境稳定的概念、评价指标和方法研究不足。这限制了对河流生态系统健康状况和保护修复效果的准确评估和科学管理,直接影响了河流保护修复的工程实施与科学管理。本研究系统回顾了河流生境的相关研究,提出了生境稳定性的概念。首先,讨论了生境与生境稳定性的联系和区别;其次,对比了生境稳定性与生态系统稳定性的异同,并进一步从多样性、完整性和适宜性3个维度对生境稳定性的内涵进行分析;再次,对比了常见的河流生境评价模型,分析了生境稳定性对水生生物的影响,在此基础上,从水环境治理、连通性修复、河岸带修复、生态调度和群落恢复5个方面分析河流生境修复;最后,对未来的研究提出了建议。Due to the impacts of human activities such as water resources exploration and pollution,the physical and chemical conditions of rivers,such as substrate,water quantity and quality,are prone to change,which directly and indirectly affect the survival of aquatic organisms such as plankton and macroinvertebrates.Therefore,the stability of river habitats is the key to protect aquatic organisms.However,current research on the habitat stability of river ecosystems is relatively scattered,especially insufficient on the concept,evaluation indicators,and methods.This limits the accurate assessment,which directly affects the engineering implementation and scientific management of river protection and restoration.This study systematically reviews relevant research on river habitats and proposes the concept of habitat stability.Firstly,the relationship between habitat and habitat stability were discussed,and then the differences between habitat stability and ecosystem stability were compared.Furthermore,habitat stability was analyzed from three dimensions:diversity,integrity,and suitability.Secondly,we compared common river habitat evaluation models and analyzed the impact of habitat stability on aquatic organisms.Thirdly,we analyzed river habitat restoration from five aspects:water environment governance,connectivity restoration,riparian restoration,ecological regulation,and community restoration.Finally,we provided some suggestions for a future research on the topic of river habitat stability.

关 键 词：河流健康 生境完整性 生态流量 大型底栖无脊椎动物 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]