中国城市多中心空间结构的发育程度、基本模式及影响因素——基于297个地级及以上城市的实证研究  

Development degree,basic patterns and influencing factors of urban polycentric spatial structure in China:Based on empirical study on 297 prefecture-level or above cities

作　　者：张延吉 黄宏祥 林胜[1] Zhang Yanji;Huang Hongxiang;Lin Sheng(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,Fujian,China;School of Architecture and Urban-rural Planning,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,Fujian,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Digital Technology for Territorial Space Analysis and Simulation,Fuzhou 350108,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学人文社会科学学院,福建福州350108 [2]福州大学建筑与城乡规划学院,福建福州350108 [3]福建省国土空间分析与模拟数字技术重点实验室,福建福州350108

出　　处：《地理科学》2024年第5期766-774,共9页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(21CSH006)资助。

摘　　要：利用高精度活动人口数据,整合空间自相关分析与多中心模型,识别2019年297个地级及以上城市的所有中心地,从中心数量、距离、均衡性评价多中心程度,基于前述3大指标归纳出10类城市空间结构模式。研究表明,除少量分散型城市,中心数越多,相应城市越少;山地海岛、与邻省交界或发达城市更易远离主中心形成副中心;组团式布局的大城市和强县弱区型中小城市具有相对均衡的多中心,圈层扩张型城市则多呈极化格局。经济社会发展水平提高是形塑多中心结构的首要因素,自然地形起伏助推多中心发育,但政府搬迁、兴建开发区等外迁政策对多中心程度并无显著影响,修建道路也难以壮大新中心。可见多中心结构是经济社会高水平发展的产物,而非跨越式打造而成的。To compensate for the limitations of case fragmentation,inconsistent standards,misused methods of identifying city centers,and incomparable conclusions in the established Chinese polycentric spatial structure studies,this study aimed to identify all the city(sub)centers of 297 Chinese prefecture-level or above cities in 2019 by using fine-grained Landscan ambient population data and integrating spatial autocorrelation analysis with polycentric regression models.We also measured the degree of urban polycentricity using three indicators:the number of city centers,the relative distance between city centers,and the balance of center development.Then,we summarized ten types of urban spatial structure patterns based on the combination of the three poly-centricity indicators mentioned above.The study identified a total of 863 centers in 297 prefecture-level or above cities in 2019,and learned the theoretical density and density gradient of each center in every city through the negative exponential function.These findings served as a comprehensive examination of the under-lying base map of the polycentric structure of Chinese cities and formed the basis for subsequent longitudinal tracking analyses.Our study revealed that in 2019,monocentric,bicentric and polycentric cities accounted for approximately 29%,20%and 45%of the total,while 5.7%of the cities remained in a dispersed pattern.We found that,except for a few cities with a dispersed pattern,the more centers,the fewer the corresponding cities.Developed,mountainous,provincial border cities,and small and medium-sized cities with an evenly distrib-uted urban population were more likely to form sub-centers far from the main center.Larger cities with a cluster layout and smaller cities with strong counties but weak districts were more likely to develop multiple(or dual)centers with equal density and balanced influence,while the main center of circle-sprawling cities tended to dominate the population distribution in the whole region,and their spatial patterns showed a polar

关 键 词：多中心程度 空间结构模式 负指数函数 空间自相关 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]