长新冠危险因素和主要症状调查及对后续研究的思考  

Investigation on Risk Factors and Main Symptoms of Long COVID and Their Influences on the Follow-up Research

作　　者：李宋姣 雷康辰 黄泓文 宋佳丽 常颖慧 樊小农 李礼[1,2,3,4,5] 杜宇征 刘健 蔡欣儒 边丽娜[1,2] 孟丽娜 宋倩 沈燕 葛文逸 刘巍 李仪丙 贾鸿博 高莹 麻聪聪 Songjiao;LEI Kangchen;HUANG Hongwen;SONG Jiali;CHANG Yinghui;FAN Xiaonong;LI Li;DU Yuzheng;LIU Jian;CAI Xinru;BIAN Lina;MENG Lina;SONG Qian;SHEN Yan;GE Wenyi;LIU Wei;LI Yibing;JIA Hongbo;GAO Ying;MA Congcong(Department of Acupuncture,First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 300193,China;National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion,Tianjin 300193,China;Tianjin Acupuncture and Moxibustion Key Laboratory,Tianjin 300193,China;Tianjin Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,Tianjin 300193,China;Laboratory of Dose-effect Relationship,National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Level 3),Tianjin 300193,China)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学第一附属医院针灸科,天津市300193 [2]国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心,天津市300193 [3]天津市针灸学重点实验室,300193 [4]天津市针灸研究所,300193 [5]国家中医药管理局针刺量效关系实验室(三级),天津市300193

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2024年第26期3240-3248,共9页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目(21JCZDJC00890)。

摘　　要：背景长新冠是新型冠状病毒感染(以下简称新冠感染)患者恢复期常见问题,对其的防治成为新冠感染相关领域的重点。因此明确国内长新冠情况并在此基础上探索后续研究思路以便为临床提供循证证据至关重要。目的探究国内长新冠特点,为后续开展相关研究提供参考。方法于2023年1—8月,采用自拟长新冠调查问卷调查国内长新冠现状,问卷内容包括性别、年龄等一般信息,以及治疗期望、急性期及后遗症状等问题。结果共收集1001份问卷,901名受访者曾感染新型冠状病毒(以下简称新冠病毒),585人存在长新冠(发病率为64.9%);Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=2.000,95%CI=1.477~2.705,P<0.05)、肿瘤病史(OR=4.424,95%CI=1.316~14.868,P<0.05)、退休(OR=1.527,95%CI=1.048~2.224,P<0.05)是长新冠发病的危险因素。在19种长新冠症状中,患病人数排名前三的分别是疲劳(341人)、记忆力理解力注意力降低(274人)、失眠(217人);腰背痛在疼痛类症状中发病人数排名第一(201人);脱发在自愈难度中排名第一(58.57%)。在治疗方式的选择意愿方面,人数占比从高到低排序是针灸(55.73%)、中药汤剂(53.68%)、中成药(47.01%)、西药(24.79%)、静脉滴注(12.14%)、住院治疗(11.97%)。结论我国长新冠发病率较高,针灸疗法受患者青睐,建议开展针对性的研究以提升针灸疗法预防和治疗的临床证据。女性、肿瘤、退休(老年人)是长新冠的高风险人群,免疫功能低是其共同特征,建议以这类人群为研究对象建立数据库,开展针灸预防长新冠的队列研究;疲劳、失眠、腰背痛是长新冠更具代表性的症状,建议首先以这3种症状为切入点开展针灸治疗长新冠的随机对照研究。Background Long COVID is a common problem in the recovery period of coronavirus disease(COVID-19).The prevention and treatment of long COVID has become the focus of the medical fields of COVID-19.It is important to clarify the situation of long COVID in China and find out the follow-up research route,thus providing evidence-based evidence for clinical practice.Objective To explore the characteristics of long COVID in China,aiming to provide references for the follow-up research.Methods From January 2023 to August 2023,a self-made survey questionnaire was used to investigate the current situation of long COVID in China.The questionnaire included general information,such as gender and age,treatment expectations,symptoms and signs in acute and recovery period,etc.Results A total of 1001 questionnaires were collected,including 901 people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),and 585(64.9%)people with long COVID.Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that female(OR=2.000,95%CI=1.477-2.705,P<0.05),history of cancer(OR=4.424,95%CI=1.316-14.868,P<0.05),and retirement(OR=1.527,95%CI=1.048-2.224,P<0.05)were risk factors for long COVID.Among the 19 symptoms and signs of long COVID,the top three were fatigue(341 people),decrease of memory,comprehension and attention(274 people),and insomnia(217 people).Low back pain was the leading pain symptom(201 people).Hair loss was the number one sign to be difficult to self-healing(58.57%).Acupuncture(55.73%)was the top 1 willingness of treatment,followed by Chinese herbal decoction(53.68%),Chinese traditional patent medicine(47.01%),Western medicine(24.79%),intravenous drip(12.14%),and hospitalization(11.97%).Conclusion The incidence of long COVID is relatively high in China.Acupuncture therapy enjoys a widespread favor among patients.It is recommended to carry out targeted research to enhance the clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of acupuncture therapy.Women,cancer patients,and retired individuals(elderly people)are high-risk g

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒感染 长新冠 针灸 中医药疗法 问卷调查 研究思路 

分 类 号：R563.12[医药卫生—呼吸系统]