水运枢纽梯级开发对汉江中下游水质时空变化影响分析  

Impact of cascade hydropower development on spatial-temporal variation of water quality in the middle and downstream of Hanjiang River

作　　者：秦听听 徐鑫 王盈心 王娜 王楠 高清军[1,2] QIN Tingting;XU Xin;WANG Yingxin;WANG Na;WANG Nan;GAO Qingjun(Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering,Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Technology on Water Transport,Ministry of Transport,Tianjin 300456,China;Environmental Technology Development of TIWTE(Tianjin)Co.Ltd.,Tianjin 300456,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所水路交通环境保护技术交通行业重点实验室,天津300456 [2]天科院环境科技发展(天津)有限公司,天津300456

出　　处：《水道港口》2024年第2期206-214,共9页Journal of Waterway and Harbor

基　　金：交通运输行业重点科技项目(2021-MS5-136);湖北省交通运输厅科技项目(2020-186-2-9);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金项目(TKS20210210)。

摘　　要：为全面了解水运枢纽梯级开发对汉江中下游水质时空变化的累积影响情况,收集了汉江中下游7个断面近5 a高锰酸盐指数(CODMN)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和氨氮(NH_(3)-N)监测数据和四个断面近10 a的高锰酸盐指数、总磷、氨氮监测数据。在分析水质时空变化的基础上,利用Pearson相关系数和Mann-Kendall突变检验以及一维水动力模型,综合分析了梯级建设对汉江中下游水质时空变化和水动力环境的影响。结果表明:坝址的建设可能会使下游高锰酸盐指数短暂升高,但对其上游和下游断面的总磷浓度没有显著影响。随着坝址的建设,兴隆下游总磷浓度呈上升趋势。集家咀氨氮突变发生在2012年,其余断面氨氮突变皆发生在2015年之后,4个断面高锰酸盐指数和总磷突变时间基本发生在2010年—2015年。兴隆坝址上游丹江口坝下和襄阳断面的高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和总磷的相关性系数较显著,仙桃和集家咀断面没有表现出明显的相关性。雅口航运枢纽建成运行后,雅口坝上水位增大、流速减小;汉江中下游水利枢纽全部建成后,各河段流速略有减小。The hydropower development has a certain impact on the river.In order to comprehensively assess the cumulative impact of cascade hydropower development on spatial-temporal variations of water quality in the middle-lower Hanjiang River,the monitoring data of permanganate index(CODMN),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)of seven sections of the middle-lower Hanjiang River in recent 5 years were collected.The monitoring data of permanganate index,total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen of 4 sections in recent 10 years were collected.Based on the analysis of temporal-spatial variations in water quality,the Pearson correlation coefficient and Mann-Kendall mutation test and one-dimensional hydrodynamic model were used to comprehensively analyze the impact of cascade construction on the spatial-temporal variation of water quality and hydrodynamic environment changes in the middle-lower Hanjiang River.The results show that:The construction of the dam site may make the downstream permanganate index increase briefly,and the dam site construction has no significant effect on the total phosphorus concentration of the upstream and downstream sections,but the downstream total phosphorus concentration increases with the construction of the dam site.Ammonia and nitrogen mutation occurred in 2012,the mutation of ammonia and nitrogen in the other sections all occurred after 2015.The time of permanganate index and total phosphorus mutation in the four sections occurred between 2010 and 2015.The correlation coefficient of permanganate index,ammonia,nitrogen and total phosphorus in the Danjiangkou dam and Xiangyang sections upstream of Xinglong dam site is significant,with no obvious correlation between Xiantao section and Jijiazui section.After the construction and operation of Yakou dam,the water level will be increased and the velocity will be decreased.After the completion of the middle and downstream of Hanjiang River,the flow velocity in each reach slightly decreased.

关 键 词：梯级水运枢纽 汉江中下游 水质 累积影响 时空变化 

分 类 号：U612.1[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程] X824[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]