《诗经·魏风》“硕鼠”释义新考  

The Textual Interpretation of “Shuo Shu” in The Book of Poems·Wei Feng

作　　者：王福利[1] Wang Fuli

机构地区：[1]苏州大学文学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《中州学刊》2024年第5期157-162,共6页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列重大课题“《二十四史》引经考”(19GZGX01)。

摘　　要：随着“安大简”的发现与整理,人们对《诗经·魏风》中的“硕鼠”有了新的认识。“硕鼠”在“安大简”简文中书作“石鼠”,这为我们准确理解常见版本中的“硕鼠”提供了更为客观的新视角。《诗经·魏风》中的“硕鼠”“石鼠”实际上即“鼫鼠”“大鼠”“鼯鼠”“雀鼠”“飞生”等,这是一种形体较大,双翼如蝙蝠,毛色多种,既能穴处,又能入“树空中”的大飞鼠。它不仅食人禾苗,而且食粟、豆,史书中亦有“雀鼠耗”之典故。它实际上属于兽类,既不是人们一般所认为的大老鼠,更不是昆虫类中名为“硕鼠”的蝼蛄。学界对《诗经·魏风》中的“硕鼠”诠释上出现的分歧,多由不辨其名同物异所致。With the discovery and collation of An Dajian,people have a new understanding of“Shuo Shu”in The Book of Poems·Wei Feng.The meaning of the word“Shuo Shu”was written as“stone rat”in the text,which gives us a more objective and novel understanding of“Shuo Shu”in the common version.The“Shuo Shu”in The Book of Poems·Wei Feng was written as the“Shuo Shu”and“Shi Shu”which are in fact“marmots”,“rats”,and“flying squirrels”,“sparrow rat”,“flying Sang”and so on.It has a large shape,its wings are like those of bats,it has a wide variety of fur colors and it can live in either the cave or the“tree hollow”.It not only eats people’s seedlings,but also eats millet and beans,and there are allusions to“sparrow-like mouse”in history books.It is really a beast which is not the rat that people generally think of,nor is it a mole cricket that belongs to the insect class of“rats”.The difference in academic interpretation of“Shuo Shu”in The Book of Poems·Wei Feng is due to the fact that they do not distinguish the different objects with the same name.

关 键 词：《诗经·魏风》 硕鼠 石鼠 大鼠 蝼蛄 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]