玉米种植密度对大豆玉米带状复合种植体系干物质养分积累与转运的影响  

EEffect of Corn Planting Density on Dry Matter and Accumulation and Transport of Nutrients in Strip Compound Planting of Corn and Soybean

作　　者：何海涛 孙睿 姜文超 尚保华 党建友 裴雪霞[1] HE Haitao;SUN Rui;JIANG Wenchao;SHANG Baohua;DANG Jianyou;PEI Xuexia(Wheat Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen,Shanxi 041000;College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030600)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《核农学报》2024年第7期1365-1374,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省玉米产业技术体系(2023CYJSTX01-15);山西省专利转化专项计划项目(202301005);山西省重点研发计划项目(202202140601021-01)。

摘　　要：为探索大豆玉米带状复合种植模式下适宜的玉米种植密度,通过田间试验,研究大豆玉米带状复合种植模式(3+2)下,玉米种植密度(52500、60000和67500株·hm^(-2),分别以SM1、SM2和SM3表示)和玉米单作(MM,种植密度60000株·hm^(-2))对大豆玉米带状复合种植体系产量及玉米干物质、养分积累和转运的影响。结果表明,与单作相比,带状复合种植体系玉米产量降低5.25%~14.30%,其中SM2产量与MM差异未达显著水平,但带状复合种植体系总产值显著提高10.80%~16.71%。在复合种植模式下,与SM1和SM3相比,SM2显著提高玉米穗粒数和百粒重,延长干物质快速积累的时间,提高干物质积累最大增长速率,促进花后干物质向籽粒中转运,提高养分吸收,产量分别较SM1和SM3提高10.56%和9.67%。综上,相比较玉米单作,大豆玉米带状复合种植(3+2模式)可实现“玉米不减产或稍减产,多收一季豆”;在大豆玉米带状复合种植模式下,大丰30系列玉米的种植密度在60000株·hm^(-2)左右时可作为晋南小麦玉米一年两熟轮作区合理的密度选择,实现稳产高效。本研究可为晋南小麦玉米一年两熟轮作区推广大豆玉米带状复合种植及提高我国大豆自给率提供理论依据。To explore the suitable corn planting density under the soybean-corn intercropping system in strip planting model(3+2),the planting density of corn(52500,60000 and 67500 plants·hm^(-2),represented as SM1,SM2 and SM3 respectively)and corn monoculture(MM,planting density 60000 plants·hm^(-2))on yield,dry matter,nutrient accumulation and transport of soybean-corn intercropping system were studied through field experiment.The results indicated that compared with MM,the corn yield decreased by 5.25% to 14.30% in the soybean-corn intercropping system.The yield of corn was no significant between SM2 and MM,but the total value of the soybean-corn intercropping system obviously increased by 10.80% to 16.71%.Compared with SM1 and SM3,SM2 eminently increased the number of grains and 100-grain weight of corn ears,prolonged the time for rapid accumulation of dry matter,improved the maximum growth rate of dry matter accumulation,assisted the transfer of dry matter to grains after flowering,and improved nutrient absorption.At the same time,the yield of SM2 was higher than SM1 and SM3,which increased 10.56% and 9.67%,respectively.In conclusion,in contrast to corn monoculture,the soybean-corn intercropping system(3+2)could achieve‘no or slightly reduced corn yield,and harvest an additional soybean’.Under this system,when the planting density of corn reaches about 60000 plants·hm^(-2),Dafeng 30 series corn varieties can be considered a suitable density selection for the wheat and corn rotation area in southern Shanxi province,allowing for two harvest times per year and achieve stable yield and improve production efficiency.This study provides a theoretical basis for popularizing soybean-corn intercropping system in the wheat-corn rotation area of southern Shanxi,and then improve the self-sufficiency rate of soybean in China.

关 键 词：大豆玉米带状复合种植模式 密度 干物质积累与转运 养分吸收利用 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S513