21世纪以来美国农业法案的演进历程 、逻辑、走势及启示  

The Evolution,Logic,Trends and Enlightenment of the U.S.Farm Bill Since the 21st Century

作　　者：孙天昊 郝碧榕 SUN Tianhao;HAO Birong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所,北京100007 [2]中国宏观经济研究院对外经济研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《世界农业》2024年第6期27-37,共11页World Agriculture

基　　金：中国社会科学院智库基础研究项目资助(23ZKJC121)。

摘　　要：本文以21世纪以来美国农业法案的演进历程为研究对象,分析美国农业法案演进的特征、逻辑和走势,并探讨其对中国农业高质量发展的政策启示。研究表明,21世纪后美国农业法案的演进历程是政府“深度干预”阶段、“市场导向”和福利收缩阶段、兼顾市场和“贸易安全”阶段;利益集团的院外活动、国会两党的力量对比、当年财政的预算约束及国际政治经济环境是美国农业法案的演进逻辑;优化农业风险管理体系、控制食品和营养项目的预算支出、推动气候智慧型农业议程、增强农业供应链韧性是美国新农业法案的主要发展方向。本文提出,可借鉴美国农业政策的发展经验,从健全农业保险制度、构建营养导向型食物供给体系、加强农业资源保护、增强农业供应链韧性四个方面推动中国农业高质量发展。This paper takes the evolution of the U.S.Farm Bill since the 21st century as the research object,analyzes the characteristics,logic and trends of the U.S.Farm Bill,and also discusses its policy implications for the high-quality development of China’s agriculture.The research shows that the evolution of the U.S.Farm Bill after the 21st century is the stage of“deep intervention”of the government,the stage of“market-oriented”and welfare contraction,and the stage of combine to the market and“trade security”.The lobbying of interest groups,the balance of power between the two parties in Congress,the budgetary constraints of the current fiscal year,and the international political and economic environment are the evolution logic of the farm Bill.Optimizing agricultural risk management systems,reining in budget spending on food and nutrition programs,promoting a climate-smart agriculture agenda,and strengthening the resilience of agricultural supply chains are key developments in the new U.S.Farm bill.Learning from the experience of the U.S.agricultural policy,China can promote the agriculture high-quality development in four aspects:improving the agricultural insurance system,building a nutrition-oriented food supply system,strengthening the protection of agricultural resources,enhancing the resilience of agricultural supply chains.

关 键 词：美国农业政策 农业法案 农业经济 农业补贴 新政治经济学 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.4