高铁地震波场的高精度密集观测及应用前景:基于通讯光缆的观测和处理结果  

High Precision and Dense Observation of High-Speed Rail Seismic Wavefield and Its Application Prospects:Observation and Processing Results Based on Communication Optical Cable

作　　者：何向阁 石永祥 苏青青[3] 张敏[2] 卢海龙 HE Xiangge;SHI Yongxiang;SU Qingqing;ZHANG Min;LU Hailong(School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Beijing International Center for Gas Hydrate,Peking University,Beijing 100871;The 23rd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Corporation,Shanghai 201900)

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学北京天然气水合物国际研究中心,北京100871 [3]中国电子科技集团公司第二十三研究所,上海201900

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期521-527,共7页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62105007)资助。

摘　　要：利用高清分布式光纤声波传感(HD-DAS)系统,进行高铁地震波场的高精度分布式采集。传感单元采用结构简单、成本低廉的通信光缆即可实现很好的监测效果,可以方便地根据实际环境进行布设,大大提高了野外观测的效率。采用多光缆并行布放,信号叠加后可有效地抑制噪声,提高高铁地震信号的信噪比。对HD-DAS系统采集到的高铁地震信号进行数据分析,发现高铁地震信号呈现分立谱特性。通过分析地震波信号的衰减规律,并通过频率-波数谱得到地震波在近地表的传输速度,表明光纤采集的高铁地震波信号可用于探测地下结构,并进一步实现对介质状态变化的监测,从而保障高铁的运行安全。The high-precision distributed acquisition of high-speed rail seismic waves were achieved using the High-Definition Distributed Acoustic Sensing(HD-DAS)system.The sensor unit used simple communication optical cable to achieve good monitoring effects at low cost,and could be easily deployed according to actual environmental conditions,greatly improving the efficiency of field observation work.By using multiple parallel optical cables,noise could be effectively suppressed and the signal-to-noise ratio of high-speed rail seismic signals can be improved.Data analysis and processing were performed on seismic signals collected by HD-DAS from high-speed rail.The analysis revealed that the signals display discrete spectral characteristics.Further analysis was conducted on the attenuation law of seismic wave signals,and the transmission speed of seismic waves near the surface was obtained through the frequency-wavenumber spectrum.This indicated that the high-speed rail seismic wave signals acquired through optical fiber could be used to detect underground structures and monitor changes in the medium’s state,thereby enhancing the safety of high-speed rail operations.

关 键 词：分布式光纤声波传感 高铁地震 应变量 分立谱 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] U216.3[天文地球—地质学] U298[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]