退化人工云杉林次生演替阶段木本植物优势种群生态位特征  

Dominant woody plant population niche characteristics in secondary succession stage of degraded artificial Picea asperata forest

作　　者：赵阳 王若鉴 李波 王飞 齐瑞 陈学龙 刘锦乾 ZHAO Yang;WANG Ruojian;LI Bo;WANG Fei;QI Rui;CHEN Xuelong;LIU Jinqian(Institute of Forestry Science of Bailongjiang in Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730046,Gansu,China;Forestry College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Gansu Bailongjiang National Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Zhouqu 746300,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省白龙江林业科学研究所,甘肃兰州730046 [2]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃白龙江森林生态系统定位观测研究站,甘肃舟曲746300

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2024年第4期96-105,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(23YFFA0023);甘肃省林草科技项目(KJCX201909,KJCX202001,KJCX202202,2023kj36,2016kj063)。

摘　　要：【目的】以白龙江林区沙滩林场退化人工云杉林次生演替阶段的群落为对象,揭示群落组成结构与生存状态,预测群落发展趋势。【方法】以样地代表多种资源的综合状态,基于群落调查数据,以物种重要值作为生态位的计测指标,计算优势种群Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠,并分析种间总体联结性。【结果】结果表明:次生群落乔木层共有树种11种,人工云杉大量死亡,红桦、糙皮桦与岷江冷杉的重要值与生态位宽度均远大于其他种,为该次生群落优势种;岷江冷杉在乔木、灌木层均具有最大的生态位宽度,桦木在乔木层优势明显,但在灌木层不具优势;次生群落乔木层普遍存在生态位重叠,且重叠程度大于灌木层,灌木层出现了生态位分化。乔木、灌木层物种间总体均表现为不显著正关联。【结论】研究表明,该次生群落为桦木-岷江冷杉林群落,且群落处于正向演替中期-竞争平衡阶段,各种群的优势与生态位仍处于相互适应的变化中,群落结构尚不稳定。物种重要值与生态位宽度无明确相关规律,生态位重叠与生态位宽度也无明确相关规律。生态位重叠反映着群落的稳定性,乔、灌木层共有种的优势程度与生态位宽度则反映物种的增长潜力,因此,该次生群落乔木层的稳定性大于灌木层,岷江冷杉种群具有进一步增长趋势,桦木种群更新受到限制,将逐渐被耐阴树种所取代。因此研究区次生林的经营应多为冷杉林的生长创造有利条件。【Objective】To study the community structure and ecological status of the secondary succession stage in the degraded artificial spruce forest in the Bailongjiang forest area and predict the community’s development trends.【Method】Using sample plots to represent the comprehensive state of various resources and based on community survey data,we calculated species’importance values as niche measurement indices.We determined the niche width for dominant species using Levins’method,calculated Pianka’s niche overlap,and analyzed overall species associations.【Result】The results indicate that there were a total of 11 tree species in the secondary community’s canopy layer.Artificial P.asperata trees had experienced significant mortality.The importance values and niche breadths of Betula albo-sinensis,Betula utilis,and Abies faxoniana were much larger than those of other species,establishing them as dominant species in the secondary community.A.faxoniana had the widest niche breadth in both the canopy and shrub layers,while Betula species were dominant in the canopy layer but not in the shrub layer.The secondary plant communities,there was generally a significant degree of niche overlap in the tree layer,which was greater than that in the shrub layer.Shrub communities exhibit niche differentiation.Overall,there was no significant positive correlation among species in both the canopy and shrub layers.【Conclusion】This study indicates that the secondary community is a Betula-Abies faxoniana forest community,currently in the mid-successional stage of positive dynamics and competitive equilibrium.The dominance and niche of various populations are still undergoing mutual adaptive changes,rendering the community relatively unstable.There is no clear correlation between species importance values and niche breadth,nor is there a definite pattern between niche overlap and niche breadth.Niche overlap further reflects the community’s stability.The degree of dominance and niche breadth among coexisting species

关 键 词：退化 人工云杉林 次生群落 优势种群 生态位 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]