非言语学习障碍儿童中央执行系统缺陷  

Study on the deficits of the central executive system in children with nonverbal learning disabilities

作　　者：史都苑 张红霞 肖泽梅 胡春秀 付瑶 SHI Duyuan;ZHANG Hongxia;XIAO Zemei;HU Chunxiu;FU Yao;无(College of Child Development and Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Hangzhou 311231,China;Xiamen Tongan District special education school;Yueyahe Primary School in Qiantang District)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学儿童发展与教育学院,杭州311231 [2]厦门市同安区特殊教育学校 [3]杭州市钱塘区月雅河小学

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2024年第6期836-842,共7页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会规划项目(一般、青年、后期资助及其他专项)(编号:21NDQN216YB);浙江省软科学青年重点项目(编号:2021C25044);浙江省教育科学规划课题(编号:2024SCG361)。

摘　　要：目的:考察非言语学习障碍儿童的中央执行系统是否存在缺陷。方法:通过数字转换任务、数值-大小Stroop任务和字母活动记忆任务分别对非言语学习障碍儿童和典型发展儿童中央执行系统的3个子功能(转换、抑制、刷新)进行测量。结果:非言语学习障碍儿童在数字转换任务(t_(30)=4.11,P<0.001)、数值-大小Stroop任务(t_(30)=2.87,P<0.01)和字母活动记忆任务(t_(30)=3.93,P<0.001)中的正确率都显著低于典型发展儿童,其中,在数字转换任务上的缺陷效应量(Cohens’d=1.47)最大。结论:非言语学习障碍儿童在中央执行系统的三类子功能上均存在不同程度的缺陷,其中转换功能是其核心缺陷。Objective:To investigate potential deficiencies within the central executive system of children with nonverbal learning disabilities(NLD).Methods:Utilizing tasks such as digit transformation,numerical-magnitude Stroop,and letter working memory,this research measured three subfunctions of the central executive system(shifting,inhibition,and updating)in children with NLD and typically developing(TD)children.Results:The performance of children with NLD was significantly lower than that of TD children across all tasks:digit transformation(t(30)=4.11,P<0.001),numerical-magnitude Stroop(t(30)=2.87,P<0.01),and letter working memory(t(22)=3.93,P<0.001).Among these,the greatest deficit effect size(Cohen's d=1.47)was observed in the digit transformation task.Conclusion:Children with nonverbal learning disabilities exhibit varying degrees of deficits across all three subfunctions of the central executive system,with shifting abilities identified as a core deficit.

关 键 词：非言语学习障碍儿童 中央执行系统 转换功能 抑制功能 刷新功能 

分 类 号：R395.2[哲学宗教—心理学] B844.1[医药卫生—医学心理学]