餐厨垃圾厌氧消化快速启动特性的研究  

Study on Rapid Start-up Characteristics of Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen Waste

作　　者：李朝飞 孙辰 曹卫星 LI Chaofei;SUN Chen;CAO Weixing(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China;College of Biological,Chemical Science and Engineering,Jiaxing University,Jiaxing 314001,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院,浙江金华321004 [2]嘉兴学院生物与化学工程学院,浙江嘉兴314001

出　　处：《中国沼气》2024年第3期36-43,共8页China Biogas

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0104600)。

摘　　要：为明确餐厨垃圾快速启动过程的厌氧消化特性,通过半连续搅拌反应器系统,监测了有机负荷(Organic Loading Rate,OLR)为1.5、2.0、2.5和3.0 gVS·L^(-1)d^(-1)运行过程中沼气产量和甲烷含量、沼液pH值、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、碱度和氨氮等参数的变化情况。研究结果表明:OLR从1.5 gVS·L^(-1)d^(-1)提高至3.0 gVS·L^(-1)d^(-1)时,容积产气率提高到2.12±0.05 L·L^(-1)d^(-1),比甲烷产量稳定在273.2±7.8 mLCH_(4)·g^(-1)VS,系统产气性能良好且稳定;挥发性脂肪酸浓度维持较低水平(650 mg·L^(-1)左右),主要成分是乙酸。氨氮含量随着OLR的提升不断增加,最高达到4171 mg·L^(-1),游离氨增加至300~350 mg·L^(-1),对产气性能产生轻微抑制作用;微生物群落分析表明厌氧消化过程主要细菌菌群是Firmicutes、Bacteroidota和Synergistota,优势产甲烷菌群主要以Methanosarcina、Methanobacterium和Methanosaeta为主。厌氧消化启动阶段在有机负荷达到3.0 gVS·L^(-1)d^(-1)时可以稳定运行,反应器成功启动。In order to clarify the anaerobic digestion characteristics of solid phase material in the rapid start-up process of kitchen waste,a Semi-Continuous Stirring Tank Reactor system was used.The changes in biogas production and methane content,pH value of biogas slurry,volatile fatty acids(VFA),alkalinity and ammonia nitrogen during the operation of Organic Loading Rate(OLR)at 1.5、2.0、2.5 and 3.0 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1) were monitored.The results show that,When OLR in creased from 1.5 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1) to 3.0 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1),the volumetric biogas production rate increased 2.12±0.05 L·L^(-1) d^(-1),and the specific methane production remained stable at 273.2±7.8 mLCH_(4)·g^(-1) VS.The gas production performance of the system is good and stable.The volatile fatty acids concentration remained low(about 650 mg·L^(-1)),and the main component was acetic acid.With the increase of OLR,the ammonia nitrogen content increased to 4171 mg·L^(-1),and the free ammonia increased to 300~350 mg·L^(-1),which slightly inhibited the gas production performance.The microbial community analysis showed that the main bacteria groups were Firmicutes,Bacteroidota and Synergistota.The dominant methanogenic bacteria groups were mainly Methanosarcina,Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta.The start-up phase of anaerobic digestion can run stably when the OLR reaches 3.0 g VS·L^(-1) d^(-1),and the reactor is successfully started.

关 键 词：厌氧消化 餐厨垃圾 沼气 有机负荷 启动 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X703[农业科学—农业工程] X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]