基于Ecopath模型的硬壳蛤多元混养系统养殖容量评估  

ASSESSING THE CARRYING CAPACITY OF MERCENARIA MERCENARIA IN A POLYCULTURE ECOSYSTEM BASED ON ECOPATH MODEL

作　　者：奉杰 徐江玲[1,2] 赵小龙 袁超 吴玲娟[1,2] 白涛 宋浩[3,4,5,6] 杨美洁 于浩林[3,4,5,6] 张涛 FENG Jie;XU Jiang-Ling;ZHAO Xiao-Long;YUAN Chao;WU Ling-Juan;BAI Tao;SONG Hao;YANG Mei-Jie;YU Hao-Lin;ZHANG Tao(North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Qingdao 266061,China;Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局北海预报中心,山东青岛266061 [2]山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [3]中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [4]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [5]中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心,山东青岛266071 [6]中国科学院海洋牧场工程实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2024年第3期660-674,共15页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目,2023CXGC010411号;国家自然科学基金项目,42106102号;天津市科委项目,20YFZCSN00240号;天津市农委项目,202103010号;现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目,CARS-49号;广西重点研发计划项目,2021AB34014号;中海油公益基金项目,CF-MEEC/TR/2023-7号;自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室开放基金项目,2023109号。

摘　　要：为优化硬壳蛤多元混养系统养殖模式,提高硬壳蛤池塘养殖技术水平,以硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)-三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)-凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)混养池塘生态系统为研究对象,利用Ecopath模型构建了由12个生物功能组组成的能量流动模型,并基于能流模型评价了生态系统中硬壳蛤养殖容量。研究表明,该生态系统中硬壳蛤生物量最高(134.99 g/m^(2)),其次是凡纳滨对虾(62.56 g/m^(2));底栖动物营养级最高(2.65)。由于生态系统中第Ⅱ、Ⅲ营养级间能流传递效率较低(5.20%),系统绝大部分能量流通量(98.37%)位于第Ⅰ、Ⅱ营养级;系统连接指数和杂食指数分别为0.37和0.05,表明生态系统食物网结构简单;系统总初级生产力/总呼吸量比值为2.13,系统净生产力为每30天715.18 g/m^(2),表明生态系统以自养为主。研究期间人工饵料投入量占初级生产力的71.60%,大量饵料投入使生态系统食物网以碎屑食物链为主;从生态系统能流平衡的角度评估硬壳蛤养殖容量,发现该系统中以硬壳蛤个体总湿重计的生态容量和生产容量分别为:854.46 g/m^(2)和1441.47 g/m^(2)。基于该系统中硬壳蛤生态、生产容量获取的硬壳蛤最大放养密度分别为73 ind./m^(2)和123 ind./m^(2)。由于Ecopath模型无法模拟生态系统无机环境因子对养殖容量的限制作用,在开展基于Ecopath模型的养殖容量评估结果应用时应保持谨慎。养殖期间水体、底质环境保持在养殖生物适宜范围是Ecopath模型评估结果可靠的一个重要前提。Using the Ecopath modeling software,the energy flow model of Mercenaria mercenaria-Portunus trituberculatus-Litopenaeus vannamei polyculture pond ecosystem was constructed.The model contained 12 functional groups.The carrying capacity of M.mercenaria was evaluated based on the energy flow model.Results show that M.mercenaria showed the highest biomass(134.99 g/m^(2)),followed by L.vannamei(62.56 g/m^(2))in the ecosystem,and the zoobenthos showed the highest trophic level(TL)(2.65).Due to the low energy transfer efficiency(5.20%)between TL Ⅱ and Ⅲ,most of the energy throughput(98.37%)was distributed in TL Ⅰ and Ⅱ.The system connectance index and omnivory index were 0.37 and 0.05,respectively,indicating that the food web structure of the ecosystem was very simple.The ratio of total primary production to total respiration was 2.13,and the net system production was 715.18 g/m^(2) in every 30 d,indicating that the ecosystem was mainly autotrophic.The imported artificial feeds accounted for 71.60%of the primary production,which made the ecosystem food web mainly dominated by detritus food chain.The results evaluated in Ecopath model show that the ecological and production carrying capacity of M.mercenaria were 854.46 and 1441.47 g/m^(2),respectively,in the polyculture ecosystem.The stocking density of M.mercenaria was calculated as 73 and 123 ind/m^(2),respectively,based on the ecological and production carrying capacity.The Ecopath model is not able to simulate inorganic processes;therefore,caution should be made while using the results estimated by Ecopath.Maintaining the water and bottom environment within the appropriate range for cultured organisms is an important prerequisite for the correction of the evaluated results of Ecopath.

关 键 词：硬壳蛤 养殖容量 ECOPATH 能量流动 混养 

分 类 号：S964.7[农业科学—水产养殖]