入侵红藻真江蓠(Gracilaria vermiculophylla)和非入侵红藻绳状龙须菜(Gracilariopsis chorda)的比较转录组研究  

COMPARATIVE TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF TWO RED SEAWEEDS:THE INVASIVE GRACILARIA VERMICULOPHYLLA AND THE NONINVASIVE GRACILARIOPSIS CHORDA

作　　者：马萌 向锦茜 薛开学 王高歌[3] WEINBERGER Florian 胡自民 MA Meng;XIANG Jin-Xi;XUE Kai-Xue;WANG Gao-Ge;WEINBERGER Florian;HU Zi-Min(Ocean School,YanTai University,Yantai 264005,China;Qingdao Municipal Marine Development Bureau in West Coast New Area,Qingdao 266427,China;Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity,College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Marine Ecology Division,GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel,Düsternbrooker Weg 20,Kiel 24105,Germany)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学海洋学院,山东烟台264005 [2]青岛西海岸新区海洋发展局,山东青岛266427 [3]中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化研究所/海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [4]Marine Ecology Division,GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel,Düsternbrooker Weg 20,Kiel 24105,Germany

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2024年第3期700-711,共12页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：中德科学基金项目,GZ1357号;国家自然科学基金项目,31971395号。

摘　　要：红藻真江蓠(Gracilaria vermiculophylla)是西北太平洋地区特有种,但在过去100年间它借助海运(太平洋牡蛎养殖)快速入侵到北美、欧洲和地中海等沿海栖息地,对当地的生物多样性、海洋环境和生态系统等造成重大影响。为从分子水平初步了解真江蓠成功入侵的潜在机制,文章对其入侵起源地——日本北部的真江蓠及非入侵种——绳状龙须菜(Gracilariopsis chorda)进行了同质园实验(common garden experiment)处理后的比较转录组研究,以探究该地区入侵属性不同的两种红藻间的基因表达差异。结果表明,真江蓠和绳状龙须菜共有基因序列集(Universal Gene,unigene)主要集中在核糖体、嘌呤和嘧啶代谢等通路。其中,在真江蓠中光系统II反应中心蛋白D1(photosystem II reaction center protein D1)、细胞色素P450单加氧酶(cytochrome P450 monooxygenase)和核酮糖1,5二磷酸羧化酶大亚基(Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit,rbcL)等基因的表达量显著上调,而逆转录转座子蛋白(retrotransposon protein)、细胞壁相关的水解酶(cell wall-associated hydrolase)和金属离子转运蛋白Nramp5的表达既上调也下调。与光合作用过程相关基因的大量表达可能有助于真江蓠应对逆境胁迫,特别是光系统ⅡD1反应中心蛋白表达量升高可能有助于藻体修复光系统Ⅱ复合体,从而制造更多的有机物以备藻体生长所需。而金属离子转运蛋白Nramp5等的上调和下调则表明江蓠等红藻可能通过某些基因表达量的增减对不同的环境变动作出响应。总体而言,代谢过程中的资源再分配很可能是驱动真江蓠适应和耐受新的生境的主要分子机制。The red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla is native to the Northwest Pacific.However,it has widely colonized and expanded its range to the North American,European,and Mediterranean habitats over the past 100 years via the aquaculture of the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas),and considerably influenced local species diversity,coastal environment,and ecosystem.To understand the potential molecular mechanism underpinning the successful adaptation to new environments of the seaweed,the comparative transcriptomics of the invasive red macroalga G.vermiculophylla native from northern Japan,and the non-invasive Gracilariopsis chorda were analyzed to detect differences in gene-expression level.Results show that the shared unigenes between G.vermiculophylla and G.chorda are mainly enriched in pathways of ribosome,pyrimidine,and purine metabolism.Compared to those in G.chorda,the expression levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase,and photosystemⅡD1 protein in G.vermiculophylla were significantly up-regulated,whilst the retrotransposon protein,cell wall-associated hydrolase and metal transporter Nramp5 were either up-or down-regulated.The abundant expression of genes related to photosynthesis may help G.vermiculophylla to deal with environmental stresses.In particular,the high-level expression of photosystemⅡD1 protein is vital to repair photosystemⅡcomplex and produce more organic matter required for growth of seaweed.The up-and down-regulations of unigenes such as metal transporter Nramp5 imply that G.vermiculophylla likely copes with different environmental changes by increasing or decreasing the expression of some specific genes.These gene-expression signatures provide insights for understanding how red macroalgae adapt to environmental changes.

关 键 词：海藻入侵 环境适应 光合作用 转录调控 资源再分配 

分 类 号：Q523.8[生物学—生物化学] Q789[农业科学—水产科学] S917