中国橡胶树北移栽培研究的历史考察  

A Historical Study of the Cultivation of Rubber Trees Moving North in China

作　　者：刘亮[1] 杨财祥 Liu Liang;Yang Caixiang(Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,CAS,Beijing,100190,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,100190

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期96-103,共8页Journal of Beijing Forestry University ：Social Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院发展规划局专项项目“中国科学院学科发展史”(E2293Z04)。

摘　　要：以20世纪50-80年代中国开展的橡胶树北移栽培研究作为研究对象,从科学史的视角,系统梳理了在西方国家对我国实行橡胶禁运的背景下,中国科学院相关研究所与当时林垦部下辖地方农垦系统、地方科研院所面对国家需求,在华南与云南分别开展系统的中国热带生物资源考察,并在此基础上确定橡胶宜林地,开展橡胶树抗寒抗风研究,最终成功实现橡胶树北移栽培,满足了国家对橡胶这一战略物资需求的过程。这有助于深入理解20世纪50-80年代国家实施的“任务带动学科”的科学发展方针,同时对于认识当代科学研究如何满足国家需求、重大科学研究中不同机构如何更好开展协同攻关,具有重要的现实借鉴价值。Taking the research on the northbound cultivation of rubber trees carried out in China in the 1950s–1980s as the research object,and from the perspective of the history of science,this paper systematically combs its background and process.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,the western countries had a long-term embargo on rubber to our country,a strategic material in economic activities.In the face of the national demand,relevant research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the local land reclamation system under the Ministry of Forest Reclamation and local scientific research institutes carried out systematic surveys of China's tropical biological resources in South China and Yunnan.And on this basis,determined suitable forest lands for rubber trees,carried out research on cold and wind resistance of rubber trees,and finally realized the northbound cultivation rubber tree successfully,which met the national demand for rubber.This helps to deepen the understanding of the scientific development policy of"task driven disciplines"implemented by the country in the 1950s–1980s.At the same time,it has important practical reference value for understanding how contemporary scientific research meets national needs and how different institutions can better carry out collaborative research in major scientific research.

关 键 词：国家需求 橡胶树北移栽培 边缘热带 橡胶宜林地 抗寒研究 任务带动学科 

分 类 号：S722[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S796[农业科学—林学]