不同秸秆配方对双孢蘑菇‘申K6’性状的影响  

Effects of Different Straw Formulae on Traits of Agaricus bisporus Cultivar 'Shen K6'

作　　者：肖婷婷 张津京[1] 张宇辰 陈辉[1] 隽加香 钱武兵 王倩[1] 黄建春[1] XIAO Tingting;ZHANG Jinjing;ZHANG Yuchen;CHEN Hui;JUAN Jiaxiang;QIAN Wubing;WANG Qian;HUANG Jianchun(Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization(South),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,National R&D Center for Edible Fungi Processing,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Lianzhong Professional Mushroom Cooperative,Shanghai 201516,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,农业农村部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室,国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,国家食用菌加工技术研发分中心,上海市农业遗传育种重点开放实验室,上海201403 [2]上海联中食用菌专业合作社,上海201516

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2024年第3期35-41,共7页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：上海市现代农业产业技术体系[沪农科产字(2024)第9号]。

摘　　要：为探讨不同秸秆配方对双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)‘申K6’农艺性状和商品性状的影响,配制培养料A(54%麦秸秆、41.5%鸡粪、4.5%石膏)和B(52%麦秸秆、22%鸡粪、20%稻秸秆、6%石膏),分别测定一次、二次和三次发酵料的pH、含水量、氮含量、灰分含量、碳氮比、纤维素含量、半纤维素含量和木质素含量,以及子实体的单菇重、菌盖直径、菌盖厚度、菌柄直径、菌柄长度、产量、表面亮度、褐变指数、总颜色变化和硬度等指标。结果表明:在同一发酵阶段,培养料B的含水量和灰分含量均低于A,且B的一次发酵料和三次发酵料与A相比有显著性差异;在同一发酵阶段,培养料B的纤维素含量高于A,其中B的三次发酵料与A相比有显著性差异;培养料B的一次发酵料半纤维素含量与A相比有显著性差异;利用培养料B栽培的子实体菌盖直径、菌盖直径与菌柄长度比值和表面亮度均高于A,组间有显著性差异;利用培养料B栽培的菌柄长度和总颜色变化均低于A,组间有显著性差异;利用培养料B栽培的子实体总产量为33.62 kg·m^(-2),高于A的28.10 kg·m^(-2),组间有显著性差异。利用稻、麦秸秆栽培的双孢蘑菇子实体形态、色泽和抗褐变能力均优于仅用麦秸秆栽培的子实体。In order to investigate the effects of different straw formulae on the agronomic and commercial traits of Agaricus bisporus cultivar 'Shen K6',two substrates,A(54% wheat straw,41.5% chicken manure,4.5% gypsum) and B(52% wheat straw,22% chicken manure,20% rice straw,6% gypsum),were prepared respectively.Both substrates were measured for pH,water content,nitrogen content,ash content,C/N ratio,cellulose content,hemicellulose content,and lignin content at phase 1,phase 2 and phase 3 composting.The resultant fruiting bodies of A and B were determined for single fruiting body weight,pileus diameter,pileus thickness,stipe diameter,stipe length,yield,surface brightness,browning index,total color change and hardness.The results showed that the water content and ash content of B were lower than those of A at phase 1 and phase 3,and the cellulose content of B was higher than that of A at phase 3.The hemicellulose content of B was higher than that of A at phase 1.The fruiting bodies cultivated with substrate B showed a greater pileus diameter,a higher pileus diameter/stipe length ratio,higher brightness,less total color change,and shorter stipes than those of A.The total yield of B was 33.62 kg·m~(-2),which was greater than that of A(28.1 kg·m~(-2)).Compared with using wheat straw+chicken manure+gypsum,replacing a proportion of chicken manure with rice straw resulted in better A.bisporus fruiting bodies in terms of color,anti-browning ability and shape.

关 键 词：双孢蘑菇 三次发酵料 稻秸秆 麦秸秆 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]