我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与推荐施氮量研究  

Study on abundance-deficiency index of soil N and recommended nitrogen application rates for oats in China

作　　者：孙洪仁[1] 王显国[1] 张运龙 杜雪燕 李林霞 SUN Hong-ren;WANG Xian-guo;ZHANG Yun-long;DU Xue-yan;LI Lin-xia(School of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Qinghai Provincial Forage Technology Extension Station,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]青海省饲草料技术推广站,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《西南民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期237-246,共10页Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“现代牧草产业技术体系建设”(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：为了给我国燕麦测土施氮提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡―地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与推荐施氮量研究.结果表明,我国燕麦土壤碱解氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥389、219~389、123~219、70~123、39~70、22~39、13~22和<13 mg/kg;土壤全氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥5.0、2.8~5.0、1.5~2.8、0.9~1.5、0.5~0.9、0.3~0.5、0.2~0.3和<0.2 g/kg;土壤有机质第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥64、39~64、23~39、14~23、9~14、5~9、3~5和<3 g/kg.当氮肥利用率30%~50%时,目标产量1.5~6.0 t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0、9~60、18~120、27~180、36~240、45~300、54~360和63~420 kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15 t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量依次为0、14~80、29~160、43~240、58~320、72~400、86~480和101~560 kg/hm^(2).本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施氮奠定了科学基础.To provide a scientific basis for soil testing and N fertilizer recommendation of oats,an integration method for scat-tered experimental data and the new applied formula based on“the method of nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fer-tility yield”were employed to study the abundance-deficiency index(ADI)of soil N and the recommended nitrogen fertilizer ap-plication rate(RNFAR)for oats in China.The results showed that the ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen for oats in China from the first to the eighth level were≥389,219-389,123-219,70-123,39-70,22-39,13-22 and<13 mg/kg,respec-tively.The ADI of soil total nitrogen for oats in China from the first to the eighth level were≥5.0,2.8-5.0,1.5-2.8,0.9-1.5,0.5-0.9,0.3-0.5,0.2-0.3 and<0.2 g/kg,respectively.The ADI of soil organic matter for oats in China from the first to the eighth level were≥64,39-64,23-39,14-23,9-14,5-9,3-5 and<3 g/kg,respectively.When the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in current season(NFUEICS)was 30%~50%and the target yields of grain oats were 1.5-6.0 t/hm^(2),the ranges of RNFAR for the first to the eighth level soil were 0,9-60,18-120,27-180,36-240,45-300,54-360 and 63-420 kg/hm^(2),respectively.When the NFUEICS was 30%~50%and the target yield of forage oats was 4.5-15 t/hm^(2),the ranges of the RNFAR for the first to the eighth level soil were 0,14-80,29-160,43-240,58-320,72-400,86-480 and 101-560 kg/hm^(2),respectively.In this study,the recommended fertilization system based on ADI of soil N for grain and forage oats in China was established,and it laid a scientific foundation for soil testing and nitrogen fertilization of oats in China.

关 键 词：燕麦 测土施肥 土壤养分 丰缺指标 施肥指标 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S519[农业科学—农业基础科学]