不同生育时期渍水对小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响  

Effect of Waterlogging at Different Growth Stages on Photosynthesis Characteristics of Wheat Flag Leaves and Yield

作　　者：王甲 WANG Jia(Yunyang District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Shiyan City,Shiyan Hubei 442500)

机构地区：[1]十堰市郧阳区农业农村局,湖北十堰442500

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2024年第11期39-44,共6页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

摘　　要：为给小麦耐渍品种选育以及抗逆栽培提供理论依据,以鄂麦006为材料,研究不同生育期(包括拔节期、孕穗期、开花期和灌浆中期)渍水对小麦旗叶光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,小麦各生育期渍水均导致小麦旗叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率降低,丙二醛含量升高。不同时期渍水对小麦产量的影响程度不一,其中开花期渍水影响最为严重,与其他处理差异极显著。渍水还导致了小麦干物质积累速率和灌浆速率低于不渍水对照,穗粒数和千粒重降低,影响最为明显的也是开花期渍水处理。由此可以看出,小麦在不同的生育时期渍水均导致其旗叶光合作用降低,衰老加快,干物质积累减少,造成小麦产量下降。开花期为小麦水分敏感期,这一时期渍水,小麦减产53.62%,产量损失严重。In order to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of waterlogged tolerant wheat varieties and stress resistant cultivation,the effect of waterlogging at different growth stages(including jointing,booting,flowering,and mid grain filling)on the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves and yield was studied by using Emai 006 as the material.The results showed that waterlogging at various growth stages of wheat resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of wheat flag leaves,while an increase in malondialdehyde content.The impact of waterlogging on wheat yield varied at different stages,the flowering stage had the most severe impact,which was significantly different from the other treatments.Waterlogging also resulted in a lower rate of dry matter accumulation and grain filling in wheat compared with the non waterlogged control,as well as a decrease in grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight,and the waterlogging treatment at flowering stage had the most significant impact.Therefore,waterlogging at different growth stages led to decreases in wheat flag leaf photosynthesis,accelerated aging,reduced dry matter accumulation,and decreases in wheat yield.The flowering stage was the water sensitive period of wheat,during which waterlogging could result in reduction by 53.62%in wheat yield and severe yield loss.

关 键 词：小麦 渍水 旗叶 光合特性 开花期 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]