植保无人机喷施封闭除草剂对稻田杂草的防效研究  

Control Effects of Closed Herbicides Sprayed by Plant Protection Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on Weeds in Rice Fields

作　　者：徐伟东[1] 姚张良 陆强[1] XU Weidong;YAO Zhangliang;LU Qiang(Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science,Jiaxing Zhejiang 314016)

机构地区：[1]嘉兴市农业科学研究院,浙江嘉兴314016

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2024年第11期96-99,107,共5页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省科技计划项目(2022C02035);嘉兴市科技特派员专项(K2022C018);市级农科院联盟区域示范性项目(2023SJLM09)。

摘　　要：为探究植保无人机喷施除草剂对直播稻田杂草防效,采用50%丁草胺乳油、26%噁草酮悬浮剂、350 g/L异噁草松微囊悬浮剂、300 g/L丙草胺乳油4种封闭除草剂,在飞行高度2 m和3 m,用水量22.5、45.0 L/hm^(2)条件下设置不同处理,考察播前施药结合水层管理及播后干封对水稻安全性及对直播稻田不同种类杂草的防除效果。结果表明,26%噁草酮悬浮剂2个用水量处理的成苗率和苗高显著低于其余处理,播后30 d各处理水稻分蘖数均显著高于空白对照,各处理5株苗茎基宽与空白对照无差异。药后15 d,3种除草剂供试浓度下高用水量处理对稗草、千金子、多花水苋、异型莎草等杂草的防效均优于低用水量;播前水封与播后干封效果整体上差异不大。药后40 d,整体上各处理防效均降低,26%噁草酮悬浮剂、350 g/L异噁草松微囊悬浮剂在高用水量时对稗草的株数防效显著优于低用水量,3种药剂在高用水量时对千金子的株数防效均显著高于低用水量,鲜重防效与株数防效趋势基本一致。3种药剂不同飞防参数下对异型莎草和多花水苋的防效有差异,且效果较差。同一药剂在用水量45 L/hm^(2)和飞行高度3 m时对不同杂草的防效优于用水量22.5 L/hm^(2)和飞行高度2 m处理。不同除草剂对不同种类杂草的防效存在差异,高用水量播前施药结合水层管理对不同杂草的防效均优于播后干封处理。后期应适时进行茎叶处理,以提升施药对田间杂草的治理效果。In order to investigate the control effects of herbicides sprayed by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on weeds in direct seeding rice fields,four closed herbicides(50%butachlor EC,26%oxadiazon SC,350 g/L clomazone CS,and 300 g/L pretilachlor EC)were used,and different treatments were set up at flight heights of 2 m and 3 m,with water consumption of 22.5,45.0 L/hm^(2),to investigate the safety of rice and those control effects on different types weeds in direct seeding rice fields by combining herbicide application with water layer management before planting and post planting dry sealing.The results showed that the seedling rate and height of the two treatments with 26%oxadiazon SC were significantly lower than those of the other treatments.On 30th day after sowing,the tiller number of rice in each treatment was significantly higher than that of the control,and there was no difference in the stem base width of 5 seedlings between each treatment and the control.On 15th day after treatment,the high water consumption treatment with three herbicides at the test concentrations showed better control effects on weeds such as Echinochloa crusgalli,Leptochloa chinensis,Ammannia multiflora and Cyperus difformis than low water consumption;the overall difference in the effect of water sealing before planting and dry sealing after planting was not significant.On 40th day after treatment,the overall control effects of all treatments decreased.26%oxadiazon SC and 350 g/L clomazone CS had a significantly better plant number control effect on Echinochloa crusgalli under high water consumption than those under low water consumption.The three herbicides had a significantly higher plant number control effect on Leptochloa chinensis under high water consumption than those under low water consumption;the trend of fresh weight control effect was basically consistent with that of plant number control effect.Under different flight control parameters,there were differences in the control effects of three herbicides on Cyperus d

关 键 词：植保无人机 除草剂 杂草 稻田 防效 

分 类 号：S451.21[农业科学—植物保护]