基于振荡回路的光伏直流断路器拓扑结构设计  

Topology design of photovoltaic DC circuit breaker based on oscillation circuit

作　　者：张东进 何柏娜[1] 程婷 王硕 代维汉 尉元龙 ZHANG Dongjin;HE Baina;CHENG Ting;WANG Shuo;DAI Weihan;WEI Yuanlong(College of Electric and Electronic Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;NARI Group Corporation,State Grid Electric Power Research Institute,Wuhan 430077,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学电气与电子工程学院,山东淄博255000 [2]国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司,湖北武汉430077

出　　处：《供用电》2024年第6期97-107,共11页Distribution & Utilization

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021ME057);山东省研究生教育质量提升计划项目(SDYAL2022114)。

摘　　要：针对光伏直流系统汇流箱内传统断路器分断燃弧剧烈、触头烧蚀严重等问题,提出了一种基于振荡回路的光伏直流断路器拓扑。该拓扑结构可有效抑制故障电流增长速度,实现对燃弧的有效控制。同时,利用系统电源为振荡支路自充电,避免了烦琐的充电步骤,提高了断路器的可靠性。为了进一步提升性能,采用晶闸管器件转移故障电流,抑制分断燃弧。为加快故障电流的分断速度并降低机械开关绝缘要求,增设了接地引流二极管和反并联晶闸管支路,配合振荡支路及耗能支路实现故障电流快速换流与阻断。对所提断路器拓扑结构进行原理分析和参数设计,利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建直流断路器模型进行仿真验证,同时进行了小电流开断的初步试验验证。结果表明该拓扑与传统光伏断路器相比可显著抑制燃弧、加快熄弧速度,能够有效降低汇流箱火灾隐患、提高光伏系统运行可靠性。Aiming at the problems of severe arcing and serious contact ablation of traditional circuit breakers in the combiner box of Photovoltaic DC system,a DC circuit breaker topology based on oscillation circuit is proposed in this paper.The proposed topology can effectively restrain the growth rate of fault current and realize self-charging of oscillation branch by the system power supply to avoid tedious charging.At the same time,thyristor devices are used to transfer fault current and suppress breaking arc.In order to speed up the breaking speed of the fault current,reduce the insulation requirements of the mechanical switch,the grounding diode and anti-parallel thyristor are added in the topology,combined with oscillating circuit and thyristor device to achieve the rapid commutation and blocking of fault current.The principle analysis and parameter design of the proposed circuit breaker topology are carried out.The DC circuit breaker model is built by MATLAB/Simulink for simulation verification,and the preliminary test verification of small current interruption is carried out.The results show that the topology can suppress the arc burning and accelerate the arc extinguishing,and reduce the fire hazard of the combiner box and improve the reliability of the PV system compared with the traditional photovoltaic circuit breaker.

关 键 词：直流断路器拓扑 光伏直流系统 故障电流 电弧模型 振荡回路 抑制燃弧 

分 类 号：TM561[电气工程—电器]