侵犯公民个人信息罪的法定犯意涵  

The Meaning of Crime Mala Prohibita for the Crime of Infringing on Citizen s Personal Information

作　　者：万均扬 Wan Junyang

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2024年第3期100-119,共20页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：个人信息刑法保护模式的选择离不开对侵犯公民个人信息罪本质属性的认识,目前多数学者将本罪理解为自然犯,但这种认识存在诸多误区。根据学界对自然犯/法定犯区分具有共识的三个标准:首先,从古代国家到现代国家、从现代社会到信息社会,个人信息在社会变迁中经历了“古今之变”,只有在信息社会中才得以获得法律的全面保护;其次,侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益兼具个人法益和超个人法益的双重面向,不应忽视个人信息作为社会交往之构成要素的集体法益维度;最后,侵犯公民个人信息罪中“违反国家有关规定”是法定犯的前置法律法规,其内涵是国家对个人信息处理者施加的合规义务。因此,侵犯公民个人信息罪是法定犯而非自然犯。以此为起点,开展以侵犯公民个人信息罪为代表的法定犯基础理论研究,是未来值得开拓的重要方向。The choice of the mode of criminal law protection of personal information cannot be separated from the understanding of the nature of the crime of infringing on citizens personal information,and most scholars currently regard this crime as crime mala in se,but there are many misunderstandings.According to the three consensus criteria of the academia on the distinction between crime mala in se and crime mala prohibita,firstly,from the ancient country to the modern country,and from the modern society to the information society,personal information has changed in the social change,and only in the information society can it obtain the comprehensive protection of the law.Secondly,the legal interests protected of the crime of infringing on citizens personal information include individual and supra-individual legal interests,and the collective legal interests of personal information as a constituent element of social communication should not be ignored.Finally,“violating the relevant provisions of the state”in the crime of infringing on citizens personal information is the preceding law and regulation of crime mala prohibita,which connotes the compliance obligation imposed by the state on the processors of personal information.Therefore,the crime of infringing on citizens personal information is a crime mala prohibita rather than a crime mala in se.Taking this as a starting point,the research on the basic theory of crime mala prohibita represented by the crime of infringing on citizens personal information is an important direction to be explored in the future.

关 键 词：侵犯公民个人信息罪 自然犯 法定犯 前置法规 集体法益 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]