地块规模与化肥投入:减施逻辑及其证据  

Plot scale and fertilizer input:logic and evidence of reduced consumption

作　　者：吴刚 钟钰[1] WU Gang;ZHONG Yu(Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2024年第3期27-38,共12页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(23&ZD110);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(10-IAED-01-2024)。

摘　　要：本文基于诱致性技术变迁理论分析地块规模约束下的化肥减施逻辑,利用2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查(CRRS)7个省(自治区)的玉米种植户数据,运用两阶段最小二乘法(two-stage least squares regression,2SLS)分析地块规模对化肥投入的影响。实证结果表明:扩大地块规模可以降低化肥投入强度,提高化肥投入效率。异质性分析发现,与小农户相比,规模农户扩大地块规模对化肥减施的影响更大;对于化肥投入强度越高、投入效率越低的农户,扩大地块规模对化肥投入的影响越大。进一步的分析发现,机械作业替代农业劳动,是扩大地块规模促进化肥减施的作用机制。This article analyzed the logic of reducing application of fertilizer under the constraint of plot scale based on the theory of induced technological change.The data about maize farmers in seven provinces of China obtained from 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey(CRRS)and the 2SLS model were used to analyze the impact of plot size on fertilizer input.The results of empirical studies showed that expanding the plot scale reduced the input intensity of fertilizer and improved the input efficiency of fertilizer.The results of heterogeneity analyses showed that the expansion of plot scale by large-scale farmers had a greater impact on reducing application of fertilizer compared with small-scale farmers.The impact of expanding plot scale on fertilizer input was even more pronounced in term of farmers with higher input intensity and lower input efficiency of fertilizer.The results of analyzing mechanism showed that replacing agricultural labor with mechanical operations was a mechanism for reducing the expansion of plot scale and promoting the reduced application of fertilizer.

关 键 词：地块规模 化肥投入 化肥投入强度 化肥投入效率 机械作业 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济] F323.6