茭虾共作对土壤氮磷含量和茭白干物质积累及氮磷钾吸收分配的影响  

Effects of co-cropping Zizania latifolia with crayfish on content of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil,accumulation of dry matter and uptake and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in Zizania latifolia

作　　者：陈灿[1,2] 汤伟 黄璜 任勃[3] 周天送 吴良洁 王忍 CHEN Can;TANG Wei;HUANG Huang;REN Bo;ZHOU Tiansong;WU Liangjie;WANG Ren(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Paddy Field Ecological Planting and Farming Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410128,China;College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省稻田生态种养工程技术研究中心,长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2024年第3期203-213,共11页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0301003)。

摘　　要：为探究茭白种养模式的施肥策略,设置茭虾共作(ZC)、茭白单作(Z)2个处理,研究茭虾共作对土壤氮磷含量、茭白产量和茭白干物质积累及氮磷钾吸收分配的影响。2021-2022年的研究结果显示,茭虾共作模式较茭白单作模式采茭期土壤中全氮、全磷、速效磷的含量分别提高了10.85%~38.89%、5.45%~13.79%、6.19%~61.79%,净茭产量提高了5.10%~19.54%,采茭期茭白茎、叶、净茭的干物质积累量分别增加14.41%~16.58%、10.28%~15.15%、10.57%~21.45%。2021年茭虾共作处理较茭白单作处理在采茭期叶的氮含量显著增加了25.74%,但在孕茭期茎中磷含量显著减少了16.76%;2022年氮肥减量、减量投喂下,茭虾共作处理较茭白单作处理在孕茭期茎的氮含量显著减少了23.75%,在分蘖期叶中磷含量显著减少了12.08%,2a全生育期同一器官的钾含量在2个处理间差异不显著。对于养分积累,2021年茭虾共作处理在分蘖期叶的氮、磷、钾积累量较茭白单作处理分别减少26.04%、27.27%、30.11%,但在采茭期茎的氮、钾积累量和叶的氮、磷积累量较茭白单作处理分别增加18.80%、38.41%和44.77%、35.71%;2022年在氮肥减量、饲料减量投喂下,茭虾共作处理在采茭期叶的磷积累量和茎的钾积累量较茭白单作处理显著增加30.0%和30.77%。关于养分分配,2种处理的茭白在孕茭期和采茭期氮素的分配均以茎、叶为主,而磷、钾元素的分配均以茎为主,茎分配比例在42%~66%。对于养分转运,2021年2种处理茭白的根、茎、叶在氮、磷转运上大多为表现为“库”器官,而在钾转运上大多表现为“源”器官;2022年氮肥减量、减量投喂下,茭白的根、茎、叶在氮、磷、钾转运量上大多表现为“源”器官。因此,在茭虾共作模式中适当减少肥料、饲料的投入,能促进形成合理的源库关系,有利于茭白产量的形成。Two treatments including co-cropping Zizania latifolia with crayfish(ZC)and Zizania latifolia monoculture(Z)were set up to study the effects of co-cropping Zizania latifolia with crayfish on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil,the accumulation of dry matter and the uptake and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in Zizania latifolia to explore fertilization strategies for the planting and farming mode of Zizania latifolia.The results of two years showed that ZC increased the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and available phosphorus in the soil during the harvesting period by 10.85%to 38.89%,5.45%to 13.79%,and 6.19%to 61.79%,respectively,compared to Z.ZC increased the net Zizania latifolia yield by 5.10%to 19.54%.ZC increased the accumulation of dry matter in the stem,leaf,and net Zizania latifolia during the harvesting period by 14.41%to 16.58%,10.28%to 15.15%,and 10.57%to 21.45%,respectively.In 2021,ZC significantly increased the content of nitrogen in leaves by 25.74%compared to Z during the harvesting period of Zizania latifolia,but significantly reduced the content of phosphorus in stems by 16.76%during the pregnancy period of Zizania latifolia.In 2022,ZC significantly reduced the content of nitrogen in stem by 23.75%during the pregnancy period of Zizania latifolia and the content of phosphorus in leaves by 12.08%during the tillering period of Zizania latifolia compared to Z under the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and reduced feeding.There was no significant difference in the content of potassium in the same organ during the entire two-year growth period between the two treatments.For nutrient accumulation,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the leaves of Zizania latifolia under ZC in 2021 significantly decreased by 26.04%,27.27%,and 30.11%compared to Z during the tillering period.However,the accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in the stems and leaves during the harvesting period under ZC significantly increased by 18.80%,38.41%,44.77%,and 35.71%,re

关 键 词：茭白 小龙虾 土壤氮 土壤磷 干物质 养分积累 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] S645.2