不同水分处理对甘平果实裂果及相关生理特性的影响  

Effect of Different Water Treatments on Fruit Cracking and Related Physiological Characteristics of Kanpei Fruit

作　　者：陈晓林 陈星宏 马梦雨 马岩岩 郑永强[1] 易时来[1] 吕强 谢让金[1] CHEN Xiaolin;CHEN Xinghong;MA Mengyu;MA Yanyan;ZHENG Yongqiang;YI Shilai;LYU Qiang;XIE Rangjin(Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/National Citrus Engineer Research Center/National Digital Planting(Citrus)Innovation Sub-Center,Chongqing 400712,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所/国家柑橘工程技术研究中心/国家数字种植业(柑橘)创新分中心,重庆400712

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期74-87,共14页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31972991);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-26);西南大学先导计划项目(SWU-XDZD22004);重庆市智慧柑橘专项课题(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0089).

摘　　要：选取易裂果品种甘平作为研究对象,统计果实发育过程中不同土壤水分变化幅度及不同土壤相对含水量处理下裂果的发生率,检测各处理下树体及果实相关的生理指标变化,利用数据统计学探究其与裂果的相关性,进而解析水分调控对甘平裂果发生率的影响.结果显示,甘平裂果时间主要发生在盛花后120~150 d,即果实膨大期(每年7-8月),属于外裂果.水分控制试验结果显示,土壤相对含水量75%、变化幅度20%以内能有效控制裂果发生.与其他处理相比,75%土壤含水量下植株的光合速率最强,叶片和果实的相对含水量、水势、N、K和Ca含量显著增高,果实的总果胶、纤维素质量分数最高,而OFR,H_(2)O_(2),MDA的摩尔质量最低.相关性分析结果显示,叶片和果皮的水势和含水量、果皮细胞纤维素和总果胶的质量分数以及活性氧代谢与裂果率显著相关,推测在适宜的土壤含水量,植株能有效增强光合作用和抗逆性,进而通过增加果皮厚度和延展性增强果实的抗裂性.Selecting the crack-susceptible variety Kanpei as the research object,fruit cracking rate under different soil moisture changes and relative soil moisture treatments during fruit development was statistically analyzed.The physiological indicators related to the tree and fruit under each treatment were detected,and the correlations with fruit cracking was studied.Furthermore,the impact of water regulating on the rate of fruit cracking in Kanpei was analyzed.Results showed that the cracking time of Kanpei fruit was mainly at 120~150 days after flowering,which is the fruit swelling period(July-August),with the outer layer cracking.Results of water control experiment showed that under relative soil moisture content of 75%,and the variation less than 20%,the incidence of cracking could be effectively controlled.Compared with other treatments,under 75%soil moisture content,the photosynthetic rate of plants was the strongest,and the relative water content,water potential,N,K,and Ca contents of leaves and fruits were significantly increased.The total pectin and cellulose contents of fruits were the highest,while OFR,H_(2)O_(2),and MDA contents were the lowest.Correlation analysis showed that the water potential and moisture content of leaves and fruit peel,the contents of cellulose and total pectin in fruit peel cells,and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species were significantly correlated with fruit cracking rate.It is speculated that under appropriate soil moisture content,plants can effectively enhance the photosynthesis and stress resistance,and thereby enhance the fruit cracking resistance by increasing the thickness and extensibility of fruit peel.

关 键 词：甘平 裂果 水分平衡 细胞壁物质 活性氧 酶活性 

分 类 号：S666.9[农业科学—果树学]