基于GPS水汽观测网的一次冀中平原短时强降水的水汽特征分析  

Water Vapor Characteristics of a Short-time Heavy Precipitation in Warm Region based on GPS/PWV

作　　者：周涛 许敏 王清川 李娜 张湘涵 ZHOU Tao;XU Min;WANG Qingchuan;LI Na;ZHANG Xianghan(Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Langfang Meteorological Observatory,Langfang 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,河北石家庄050021 [2]河北省廊坊市气象台,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《成都信息工程大学学报》2024年第3期313-319,共7页Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology

基　　金：河北省气象局面上资助项目(21ky21)。

摘　　要：为深入研究强降水天气过程的水汽特征,利用地面常规气象观测资料和区域自动站资料、GPS可降水量以及ERA5(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料,对2021年7月5-6日发生在冀中平原的一次强降水天气过程的水汽变化情况进行详细分析。结果表明:(1)此次天气过程出现在高空槽前和低空切变区内,强盛的中低空西南气流和水汽通量辐合为冀中平原提供了良好的水汽条件;(2)强降水出现时段集中在GPS可降水量峰值前后1 h内,当GPS可降水量跃升至40mm以上,且2~3h的增幅超过4.5mm时,降水强度迅速增大,或短时强降水突现,而当2h内GPS可降水量的降幅超过7.5 mm时,降水强度明显减弱。当GPS可降水量持续低于35 mm时,降水基本结束;(3)GPS可降水量数值的变化与降水强度有显著的对应关系,同时其空间分布差异也在一定程度上指示了强降水的开始、结束和落区。To further study the water vapor characteristics of the heavy precipitation processes,the water vapor changes of a heavy precipitation process in Jizhong Plain from July 5 to 6,2021 were analyzed in detail by using the conventional surface meteorological observation data,regional automatic station data,GPS precipitation(GPS/PWV),and ERA5(0.25°×0.25°)reanalysis data.The results showed that:(1)The weather was a strong precipitation process in front of the upper trough and the warm shear area of the lower level.The convergence of the strong mid-low level southwest airflow and water vapor flux provided good water vapor conditions for the Jizhong Plain.(2)The occurrence periods of this heavy precipitation were concentrated within 1 hour before or after the peak of GPS/PWV.When the GPS/PWV jumped to more than 40 mm and the increase rate was more than 4.5 mm in 2-3 hours,the precipitation intensity increased rapidly or short-time heavy precipitation burst out.However,when the decrease of GPS/PWV was more than 7.5 mm in 2 hours,the precipitation intensity was weakened.When GPS/PWV was consistently below 35 mm,the precipitation ended.(3)The variation of GPS/PWV values corresponded significantly with precipitation intensity,and the difference in spatial distribution also indicated the beginning,end,and falling area of heavy precipitation to a certain extent.

关 键 词：短时强降水 GPS可降水量 水汽特征 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]