基础实验试题B:自组光路测量光栅常量与液体中的声速  

Fundamental test B:Measuring grating constant and sound velocity in liquid using self-assembling optical path

作　　者：冯饶慧 黄臻成[1,2] 沈韩 崔新图[1,2] 庞晓宁 廖徳驹[1,2] 方奕忠 杨秀虹[1,2] 梁志勇 FENG Raohui;HUANG Zhencheng;SHEN Han;CUI Xintu;PANG Xiaoning;LIAO Deju;FANG Yizhong;YANG Xiuhong;LIANG Zhiyong(School of Physics,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education(Sun Yat-sen University),Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学物理学院,广东广州510275 [2]中山大学物理学国家级实验教学示范中心(中山大学),广东广州510275

出　　处：《物理实验》2024年第5期29-34,共6页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：中山大学本科教学质量工程项目(中大教务〔2023〕96号)。

摘　　要：介绍了第9届全国大学生物理实验竞赛基础实验试题B的出题思路、实验解析和答题情况.基础实验试题B主要包含3个小题:测量未知透镜的焦距,自组光路测量未知光栅的光栅常量和自组光路测量液体中的声速.试题对大学物理实验相关的内容进行重新设计,逐步递进引导考生完成光学元件基本参量的测量、光路搭建和光学应用3个光学实验经常涉及的核心要素,能够考查考生对光学基础知识的掌握程度、光路设计能力和动手搭建光路的能力.试题的答题情况在一定程度上反映了当前国内光学实验课程的教学效果和存在的短板,为实验教学的进一步提升提供参考.The thinking,analysis and answer of the fundamental experiment question B of the 9th Chinese Undergraduate Physics Experiment Competition were introduced.Fundamental test B mainly consisted of three sub-questions:measuring the focal length of an unknown lens,measuring the grating constant of the unknown grating and measuring sound velocity in liquid by self-assembling optical path.The contest questions were redesigned based on the content of university physics experiments,and gradually guided the candidates to complete three core elements often involved in optical experiments,i.e.the measurement of basic parameters of optical components,optical path construction and optical application.The whole process could comprehensively test students’mastery of basic optical knowledge,ability to design optical path and construct a hands-on optical path.To a certain extent,the results of the contest reflected the teaching effect and shortcomings of the current domestic optical experimental courses,and provided references for the further improvement of experimental teaching.

关 键 词：自准直法 夫琅禾费衍射 超声光栅 光栅常量 声速 

分 类 号：O436.1[机械工程—光学工程] O422.1[理学—光学]